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Words and word combinations to topic 3



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  1. A look through the descriptions of things you can do with music and try to guess the meaning of the words in bold type.
  2. A) Brainstorm the words which come to your mind when you think of flight.
  3. Abbreviations of words
  4. And write your own sentences with the same word-combinations,
  5. B) Speak about the traffic in this country using the word combinations in bold type.
  6. B) Think of situations or microdialogues consisting of a statement (or a question) and a reply to it using the words mentioned above.
  7. B) Use the word combinations from the box given below.

Uprising – повстання

Serf - кріпак

Sea raids – морські походи

Prisoner - полонений

To be taken prisoner – взятий в полон

Captivity - полон

Sword - меч

Nobleman, noble – шляхтич, знатна людина

Nobility - знать

Estate - маєток

Rebellion - повстання

Appropriated - привласнити

Abduct – викрасти (жінку, дитину)

Infuriated - розлючений

To take up arms – взятись за зброю

Alliance - союз

Tribute - данина

Famine - голод

Pillage – грабувати, грабунок

Losses - втрати

Oppression – гніт

Rebels – повстанці

Chronicles – хроніки, літописи

Skin alive – зняти шкіру живцем

Suffer - страждати

Troops - війська

Loot - грабувати

Notorious – горезвісний, що має недобру славу

Dweller - мешканець

Descend from – походити від

Magnate - магнат

Torture - тортури

Grisly - жахливий

Corpse - труп

Impale – насаджувати на палю

Principality - князівство

Reign – правити, правління

Hereditary monarchy – спадкова монархія


With varying fortune – з перемінним успіхом

Ally - союзник

Exhaust each other – виснажити одне одного

Expand territories – поширити території

Treaty - договір

To violate the rule – порушити правило

Maintain – підтримувати

To conclude an agreement – заключити договір

Deteriorate - погіршувати

To be on the verge of collapse – бути на межі краху

Circumstances - обставини

To declare war on sb/smth – об’явити війну кому-небудь

Liberate - звільнити

Assessment - оцінка

Traitor - зрадник

Betray - зраджувати

Massacre - різанина

Instigator - підбурювач

Genocide - геноцид

Suit well – цілком підходити

Artificially - штучно

Undermine - підривати

Refrain from – утримуватись від чогось

Consciousness - свідомість

Dignity - гідність

Starshyna – старшина, заможне козацтво

Disgust – відраза, викликати огиду

Concessions - поступки

To take advantage of smth – скористатись чимось

Defeat – поразка, завдавати поразки

Invade – вторгнення, вторгатись

Booty - здобич

Abandon - полишити

Defend – захищати, боронити

Colonel - полковник

Inspire - надихати

Resign – відмовлятись від посади

Envoy - посланець

Serfdom - кріпацтво

Descent – спуск, зниження

Prolonged state of chaos – довгий період хаосу

Contemporaries - сучасники

Devastate – спустошувати, розоряти

Negotiations - переговори

Instigate conflicts – провокувати конфлікти

Outstanding - видатний

Controversial - спірний

Jesuit - єзуїтський

Royal court – королівський двір

Love affair – роман, любовна пригода

Depose – усувати з посади

Associate – товариш, співучасник

Succeed – бути наступником, успадковувати

At the expense of sb – за рахунок кого-небудь

Revenge - помста

Fortified - укріплений

Reign of terror – правління терору

Execute - страчувати

Vaguely - невиразно

Suspected of smth – підозрюваний в чомусь

Excommunicate – відлучити від церкви

Escape – втекти, уникнути

Solemn funeral – урочистий похорон

Justify - виправдати

Interfere into – втручатись в що-небудь

Affairs - справи

Tolerate – бути толерантним, терпимим

Absorption - поглинання

Alienate - відчуження

Appoint – призначати на посаду

Patriarchate - патріархат

Predecessor - попередник

Attempt - спроба

Announce – об’являти, об’ява

Insult – скривджувати, образа

Peasants were enserfed – селяни були закріпачені

Benefit from smth – отримувати вигоду з чогось

To be exempted from taxes – бути звільненим від податків

Obtain - отримувати


[1]In the 17th century Jewish chronicles Khmelnytskyi is called ‘Khmel the Wicked.’ Ukrainian historians say that it was impossible for Khmelnytskyi to keep this large-scale uprising under his control and thus he cannot be blamed for all horrible crimes of that time.

[2] The most notorious executioners of the Jews were the popular Cossack colonels Maksym Kryvonis and Danylo Nechai.

[3] The ethnic composition of his army was predominantly Ukrainian, made up of the nadvirni Cossacks. The same can be said about private armies of other Polonized nobles.

[4] Nero was one of the cruelest Roman emperors. He went down into history as a symbol of extreme cruelty.

[5] This time went down into Polish history as ‘deluge’ (потоп), well described in H. Senkevich’s novels.

[6] Another conflict between Khmelnytskyi and Tsar Alexei was over Belarus. Each of them wanted to attach Belarus to his lands.

[7] During the Ruin the Ottoman Empire captured Ukrainian Podillia and kept it till 1699 when Poland returned it. Muslim cemeteries and mosques in Vinnitsa and Ternopil oblasts still remind of the period of Turkish rule.

[8] Many Ukrainians, especially from the Right Bank, abounded their lands and moved to ‘Sloboda Ukraine’ (present-day Kharkiv and Sumy regions), a territory granted by Russia to Ukrainian settlers.

[9] Catholics, Uniates (Greek Catholics), and Jews were driven out of Eastern Ukraine by the Cossacks.

[10] Mazepa was a famous womanizer. Even in his old years, when he was over sixty, Mazepa had a love affair with a 16-year girl Motria Kochubeyivna.

[11] Since no documents about the agreement between Charles and Mazepa have survived, historians propose different versions.

[12] It was an efficient measure since excommunicated people could not attend church, marry, baptize their children, burry their relatives in cemeteries and hope to get to paradise after death.

[13] Ukrainian Cossacks (supporters of Russia and Sweden) had to fight against each other in this battle.

[14] Nations normally did not consider traitors their leaders who wanted to get independence. George Washington ‘betrayed’ Great Britain, Simon Bolivar ‘betrayed’ Spain, Khmelnytskyi ‘betrayed’ Poland, and so on. All these leaders are praised by their nations as heroes; streets, cities, and even countries named after them.

[15] They did not have local roots and did not care about Cossack autonomy.

[16] About 800 000 German colonists settled on Ukrainian territory.


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