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HIGHER EDUCATION IN THE US.

1) There is no unified system of higher education in the United States. 2) In the USA there is no consistent distinction between the term “college” and “university”. 3) The general tendency is to call a college a higher educational institution offering mainly courses of instruction leading to the Bachelor’s degree; a university is a college or group of colleges or departments under one control offering courses of instructions leading not only to the Bachelor’s degree but also to the Master’s and the Doctor’s degrees. 4) The term “college” is also sometimes loosely applied to institutions which are actually only secondary schools.

5) The oldest American universities of Harvard, Yale, Pennsylvania, Princeton and Columbia were founded in the 17^th and 18^th centuries. 6) From the 19^th century natural sciences began to occupy more and more place in the curriculum. 7) Professors of different departments were often educated in Europe. 8) A radical turn took place in the middle of the 20^th century. 9) The scientific revolution had some effect on the secondary schools, but it was the American higher education institutions which were most seriously affected by it, both in quality and in quantity.

10) Now almost 10 million students study in American higher education institutions. 11) American universities have also become research centres. 12) It is characteristic that their curricula have expanded; for instance, psychology, sociology and other humanities are now being taught in technical and natural science higher education institutions and in humanitarian ones more attention is paid to mathematics.

13) American universities and colleges and also higher education institutions of different levels, which sometimes comprise a university, are only partially funded by the state government. 14) Universities also obtain funds from federal state organization and large companies for research work. 15) The tuition fee in American higher education institutions is high and still growing, being a heavy burden for a family. 16) Consequently many American students have to work part time, especially on holidays.

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