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Plan:
1. Compound s. – an outline;
2. Asyndetic Compound Sentences;
3. Syndetic compound sentences;
a. C.s. with disjunctive coord.
b. C.s. with adversative coord.
c. C.s. with causative-consecutive coordination
d. C.s. with copulative coordination.
A c.s. is a multiple sentence of two or more clauses coordinated with each other. Clauses combined by means of coordination are regarded as independent^ they are linked in such a way that there is no hierarchy in the syntactic relationship$ they have the same syntactic status. Two clauses are coordinated if they are connected by a conjunct or a coordinator/ Coordinated clauses are sometimes called “conjoins” Coordination can be asyndatic or syndatic. Grammar books differ greatly in their treatment of coordinators. Clausal coordinators are regarded as those linking elements which do not allow other linking words before them. Coordinators are to be distinguished from conjuncts (therefore, otherwise, also, then).
Asyndetic Compound Sentences:
In a.c.s. coordinators are absent. 1. Two or more clauses can be made into one s. without a coordinator being used. The result is a.c.s. Don’t worry, I’ll take care of it. It is natural that asyndetically joined coordinate clauses should convey related ideas. Grammatically, these relations might not be expressed explicitly: the speaker or writer has them in mind when producing an utterance and listener deduces them from the semantic context, intonation contour and some structural features of the coordinated clauses. More often the relation between a. joined coordinate clauses is shown with the help of conjunctive adverbs or conjuncts (however, yet, thus, so, besides). They want to be slim, of course, yet after months of dieting failure they might think it was time to stop. 2. In writing, asyndetically joined coordinate clauses are separated by a semicolon (;), colon (:) or a dash (-). The semicolon is perhaps most frequently used. The colon is mainly used to set off a clause that explains or elaborates the statement expressed in the first clause. The dash is especially common in informal writing; it can be used in the same way as the colon. A comma can be used in a.s. if the clauses are very short or the ideas expressed are closely related: I came, I saw, I conquered. 3. If both a.c. are negative in meaning and the second clause opens with still less, much less or even less, this second clause has inverted word order, similar to the interrogative sentence inversion She doesn’t even like him; much less does she want to marry him. 4. A.s. are found in a number of proverbs Two is a company; three is none/ a crowd.
Syndetic compound sentences:
In s.c.c. the type of coordination is expressed explicitly by means of coordinators, coordinating conjunctions and, but, for, so that The lights went out, the curtain went up and the show began. The peculiarity of and and or is that they can link more than two clauses. Coordinators can be divided into one-member, or simple (and, but) and multi-member (either…or).
Coordinators and conjuncts in a compound sentence express four logical types of coordination: copulative, disjunctive, adversative and causative-consecutive.
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