Edinburgh

1. Edinburgh is Scotland's national centre and its capital. It is built on the southern shore of the estuary of the river Forth, where a steep basalt ridge breaks the level of the coastal plain. The site was originally chosen with an eye to defence rather than convenience, for the first building erected, and on the highest point, was a castle. This was the centre of Scottish Government until the Union of the Crowns in 1603. The earliest history of Edinburgh is uncertain and most probably its name derives from Edwin, king of Northumbria, who took the town early in the 7th century.

2. The deep valley surrounding the Castle Rock was marshy. The result was the old town of Edinburgh could grow only along the nаrrow ridge-top in the form of a single street of tall steep-roofed medieval houses - often twelve stories high. This street, the Royal Mile, from the Castle to Holyroоd Palace, the ancient residence of the Scottish kings, has so many associations with Scottish history.

3. Edinburgh has the old Town and New Town. By the middle of the 18th century Scotland had emerged frоm a long period of internal strife, and with prosperity came a desire to expand the city of Edinburgh. In 1772 bridges were completed across the marshy valleys to the north and south of the Royal Mile, connecting the town with new building land. The New Town grew quickly in broad streets and squares whose classic orderlines is in complete contrast to the castle and rugged walls of the Old Town. The marshy valley to the north of the castle ridge was drained and laid out in gardens, which form one side of Princes Street, a street world-famous for its beauty. On the other side are Edinburgh's principals shops. Princes Street, the famous thoroughfare which runs east to west for almost a mile is the heart of Edinburgh. The Royal Scottish Academy and the National Gallery of Scotland are situated there. The Scottish National Portrait Gallery and the National Museum of Antiquities of Scotland are in Edinburgh too. One of the greatest architectural treasures of Edinburgh is Heriot's College. Every citizen of Edinburgh checks his watch by the One O'Clock Gun which is fired every day in Edinburgh Castle.

4. The capital of Scotland has a number of varied industries. The most important are brewing, paper-making, book-printing and publishing and the manufacture of rubber. A small but vital industry is map-making. Among Edinburgh products are furniture, cut crystal, leather goods, fabrics, silverware, surgical instruments and hand-made pottery.

5. Leith is the port of Edinburgh, from where trade is carried on with Baltic and European ports. Many coastal trading-ships call there to load coal from the Mildothian coal-field. Newhaven and Musslburgh, formerly fishing villages but now suburbs of Edinburgh, are engaged in the North Sea fishing industry.

6. Adam Smith, a well-known Scottish econonist, David Hume, a philosopher, and Percy Bysshe Shelty, a poet, lived in Edinburgh. Frederick Chopin lived in Edinburgh in 1848. Robert Louis Stevenson, one of the literary figures, is associated with Edinburgh where he was born at 8, Howard Place, and where he lived at 17, Heriot Row from 1857 to 1880. One of the greatest of all International Festivals of Music and the Arts - the Edinburgh Festival - brings upwards of 100,000 visitors every year.

VI. Прочтите 3-ий абзац и вопрос к нему. Из приведенных вариантов ответа укажите номер предложения, содержащего правильный ответ на поставленный вопрос.

How does every citizen of Edinburgh check his watch?

1. Every citizen of Edinburgh checks his watch by the One O'Clock Gun.

2. Every citizen of Edinburgh checks his watch by the Twelve O'Clock Gun.

3. Every citizen of Edinburgh checks his watch by the Two O'Clock Gun.

VII. Прочтите 5-ый абзац. Закончите данное предложение, выбрав соответствующий вариант.

Newhaven and Mussburgh are engaged now …

1. … in agriculture.

2. … in the North Sea fishing industry.

3. … in book-printing and publishing.

Вариант 5

I. Перепишите следующие предложения. Определите по грамматическим признакам, какой частью речи являются слова, оформленные окончанием - s и какую функцию это окончание выполняет, т.е. служит ли оно:

а) показателем 3-го лица единственного числа глагола Present Indefinite;
б) признаком множественного числа имени существительного;
в) показателем притяжательного падежа имени существительного.

Дата добавления: 2015-10-16