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Threshold concentration, resins may cause severe problems along the process
Chain such as precipitation (preferably taking place through sudden changes from
Alkaline to acid pH), haze in the viscose, clogging of the spinnerets, and yellowing
Dissolving Grade Pulp
Of the yarn. On the other hand, the presence of resins considerably improves the
Accessibility of reagents to the cellulose substrate (e.g., alkali cellulose) due to lowered
Surface tension. The amount of extractives in the dissolving pulp is determined
By both the wood species used and the pulping and bleaching operations.
Acid sulfite cooking is rather sensitive to wood that is rich in resins. The major
Problems arise with phenolic extractives originating from pine, larch, Douglas fir
And other extractive-rich wood species, which tend to undergo condensation reactions
With reactive lignin structures. The formation of high molecular-weight resinous
Products may cause uncontrollable pitch problems in subsequent operation
Steps. These may be largely overcome by applying a two-stage process with an initial
Bisulfite or neutral sulfite stage. Thereby, the most reactive groups of lignin
Are protected by sulfonation. Hardwoods are generally better suited for acid sulfite
Pulping than softwoods. In the case of some resinous hardwoods, such as birch or
Some aspen species, the delignification of parenchyma cells with a high content
of resins remains incomplete. Subsequent chlorine-free bleaching sequences –
particularly those containing ozone stages – contribute significantly to reducing
The resin content. Additionally, the short parenchymal cells may be removed by
Fractionation, though this is connected with high yield loss.
Kraft cooking is less sensitive to wood raw materials that are rich in resins
Because most acidic extractives, together with part of the neutral lipophilic compounds,
Are dissolved in the cooking liquor, leaving little resin in the unbleached
Pulp. However, if the fraction of unsaponifiable compounds is high (as with many
Hardwoods), the fatty acid soaps formed do not possess sufficient micellar-forming
Properties to carry less polar compounds into solution. During PHK pulping
Of Eucalyptus globulus L., nearly all polyphenols, phenols, fatty acids are dissolved.
Two-thirds of the neutral compounds are left in the unbleached pulp, while twothirds
consists of b-sitosterol [26]. During bleaching, the unsaponifiables are modified
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Fig. 11.7 Effect of the xylan content originating from acid | | | To more polar compounds containing carboxyl groups; these compounds, together |