Terms of Business Women

Юридичний факультет

Кафедра філософії та політології

КОМПЛЕКСНЕ ПРАКТИЧНЕ ІНДИВІДУАЛЬНЕ ЗАВДАННЯ

З дисципліни

Іноземна мова

Тема:

«Women in business»

Виконала:

судентка групи СР-11

Катеринюк Х.М

__________________________

(підпис)

Первірила:

доц.к.філолог.н.,

Дуда О.І __________________________

(підпис)

Оцінка:___________________

ТЕРНОПІЛЬ – 2014

Introduction:

Terms of Business Women

The place of women in business

The problem of gender equality

Vocabulary

References

Terms of Business Women

Ukraine - the only country in the world where more than 50 % of the total workforce are women. The structure of the population of Ukraine women occupy 54%. One of the most important manifestations of equality is the equality of men and women in the labor market. Labor Law of Ukraine declares formal equality, prohibits discrimination in the labor market, but in practice women have fewer opportunities for career growth, lower wages, working mainly in low-paid sector. There is some discrimination in employment: 80 % of the unemployed in Ukraine - female. The level of women's wages averaged 73% of the pay of men. On certain inequalities and suggests a slight involvement of women with higher education and leadership skills for management positions.In the private business of gender balance is more or less constant: 50.4 % of women - 49.6 % of men.

Figure 1 shows that more than half of women employed in agriculture. That means mainly low- skilled hard physical labor for growing food. Trade and services - traditionally female areas - in second place. Industry business deals in 2 % of women.

Figure 2 shows the distribution of women entrepreneurs under the age indicator. We see that the largest group of women entrepreneurs - retirement. For these businesses, usually small, artisanal, is simply a means of survival. Qualified ready-to- market of modern entrepreneurs should expect from the younger generation of Ukrainian women, and they, as you can see, today about 14 %.

In the market of legal services to private women occupy about 2% (see Appendix 2). Among civil servants women represent 68 %, but in leadership positions at decision-making level of just one. Today there are no women in government, the management of the Administration of the President of Ukraine, as heads of regional (city) administrations. The current composition of the Verkhovna Rada of women make up 5% of the total number of deputies (the global average - 10% in Sweden - 46%), and there is only one woman among 24 heads of parliamentary committees. In the High Commercial Court of Ukraine about 40 % of judges - female. In the regional economic courts women judges make up 60%. Thus, we can state that in the field of economic justice women play no less than men, role. Legal education in higher educational establishments of Ukraine: the gender balance is an absolute - 50 to 50, this applies to both teachers and students. We were unable to find statistics on women's participation in the financial markets, but without them it can be argued that in this area, as in others, women occupy mainly the lower and middle positions, and almost never reach the level where decisions are made.
2. The place of women in business

The situation in transition economies requires a strengthening of economic activity of people in all economic structures. The scope of business, and particularly small businesses, women filled up almost entirely due to the trade sector. Women do not have enough start-up capital, connections in the upper echelons of power - all that is men who start their business. Are the two main groups of women entrepreneurs. The first - the people with high skills, knowledge of languages, designed to work with international business, but not at first, but on the sidelines of the company: consultants, economists. It is very small compared with men, a group of women. Among the reasons - the total deficit of specialists and high-end traditional monopoly of men in the business world. The second category - female secondary qualifications that dare to create their own businesses, usually in the area of public services. Within a year or two, as is proved by sociological studies, many of them away from business, could not resist harsh conditions, lack of transparency, criminality, corruption prevailing in the economic sphere. According to opinion polls, more than a third of respondents report that their expectations were not met, and are all disappointed. All women entrepreneurs interviewed believe that women are hard to survive in a world of "male" business. It is fair to state provided some benefits, " female " business, as is the case in some countries. The State shall promote the participation of women in business in the first place, because without this support women can not on par with men engaged in business, and secondly, because in Ukrainian society business exclusively associated with the male half of humanity. This position is shared by the media, which are oriented to business and entrepreneurship. Formed understanding that women in business almost non-existent, although in reality there in the private sector at 50%. Of the most common problems that cause women to think seriously about establishing their own business are:
- A real lack of places for women to autonomy and initiative in the command system of the state of the economy

- Increased compared with men responsible for the family and children, which affects the careers
- If the top leadership of the male-dominated patriarchal mentality, and the main criterion for evaluating the suitability of women in managerial position is its loyalty to the authorities
- The problem is real and present discrimination based on sex (women working in groups with men and have the same or similar qualifications tend to offer supporting roles). According to the survey, more educated women are more able to start their own business (for reference: the world's women own only 1 % of global property). Yes, the 101 women interviewed entrepreneurs had higher education 80.2 %, vocational - 7.9%, average - 1.0%.Women also make up a significant portion of employment in marginal economic activities. This activity takes place in a sort of niche that arose spontaneously. Women bear the brunt of welfare loss of market reforms and forced to develop alternative economic strategies. Some marginal economic activities in general were women, because women need traits. Thus, one could argue that in today's labor market in Ukraine there is a distinctive gender imbalance, which is manifested in unequal representation of women in leadership positions in their concentration in the least prestigious industries and fields, finally a much lower than that of men, wages in any and all areas, even those that are traditionally considered " feminine " and where women make up the larger portion of employees.

Дата добавления: 2015-09-02