I. PRELISTENING

Unit Two

Focus on: Process

Process tells how to do something, how something works, or how something happens.

Chapter 4 The Internet: How It Works

Chapter 5 Language: How Children Acquire Theirs

Chapter 6 Hydroponic Aquaculture: How One System Works

CHAPTER IV

THE INTERNET: HOW IT WORKS

I. PRELISTENING

A Listening Preparation

Millions of people use the Internet everyday to send and receive e-mail messages, to find information on the World Wide Web, or to download files, such as games, music files or movie clips. What is the Internet and how does it work? How do e-mail messages get from your computer to the computer of the person you send them to? How do Web pages travel to your computer? How do files you download reach your computer?

B Preview of Vocabulary and Sentences

to link together into а gigantic network to connect and form an extremely large network

• The Internet consists of millions of computers, all linked together into а gigantic network.

to equip with software to supply а program, or set of instructions, that tells the computer to perform some activity

• These computer are equipped with special communication software.

monthly charge an amount of money to be paid each month, usually for а service such as telephone service

• An Internet Service Provider (ISP) is a company that provides Internet service for а monthly charge.

in turn in correct order or sequence

• Local ISPs connect to larger ISPs, which in turn connect to even larger ISPs.

hierarchy а pyramid-like organizational structure such as found in businesses and the military, where the few at the top have the most power

• А hierarchy of networks is formed.

to break down to separate into parts or pieces

• The data, or information, in an e-mail message, а Web page, or а file is first broken down into tiny packets.

route а way to reach а place

destination the place that someone or something is going

• The router then decides the best route to send the packet on its way to its destination.

to imagine to form а mental picture

• Imagine that you want to send а friend а book, but you can send it only as postcards.

postal agent person who works for the post office or а mail service and who has the authority to make decisions

• Many postal agents may look at the addresses on the postcards in order to decide the best route to send them off on to reach their destination.

C Rhetorical Listening Cues

In this talk, the speaker explains how the Internet works, that is, how information travels over the Internet. The speaker uses words and phrases to show the order, or sequence, of how information travels over the Internet. These are words such as first, then, when, after, and finally.

The speaker also uses an analogy, or comparison, to help explain the process. Some common analogies you might be familiar with are:

The heart is like а pump.

The Internet is like an information highway.

Learning to drive is like learning to ride а bicycle (once you learn, you never forget how).

In this lecture, the speaker compares how information travels through the Internet with how postcards are sent through the postal system.

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