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The Invaders.
1. Before reading the text answer the following questions:
1) If you were an invader, what country would you invade? Why?
2) What do you know about the origin of English words?
3) Is loyalty a good feature? Why?
2. Mind the pronunciation of the following:
Bede
Jutes
Birmingham
Nottingham
Southampton
Northumbria
3. Find the English equivalents in the text:
богатство Британии; соблазн; жадные; воинственный; английский монах; археологическое доказательство; три могучих германских племени; устье реки Темза; миграция; принять власть саксонских лордов; называть в честь кого-либо; семейные поселения; укоренившиеся поселения; географическое название; основывать ряд королевств; строить гигантскую земляную ограду; назойливый / беспокойный; личная преданность сторонников; заменять преданность семье преданностью королю.
4. Explain in your own words:
monk; estuary; migration; folk; kingdom; dyke; loyalty; duty.
5. Paraphrase the sentences using the words from the previous exercises:
1) This country is very rich: its monthly income is estimated at fifty million dollars.
2) It is vitally important that you should show great devotion to your occupation.
3) This island possesses huge potential for becoming our colony.
4) We completely submit to your rules.
5) My daughter has the same name as my mother.
6) My son couldn’t help buying this car for me.
7) Oh, my God! This boy causes so many problems!
8) It was miserly of them to eat up all the candy.
9) It is your obligation to prove it!
10) You will not see these birds here during this season-they have flown to warmer countries.
6. Fill in the table with necessary information and explain the origin of the words:
| Names of the tribes, kings, etc. | Towns | Rivers | Days of the week | Kingdoms |
7. Make a list of verbs which show the actions of the invaders and native population on the territory of the British Isles.
8. Find the synonyms to the following words in the text:
1. riches, prosperity, possessions
2. attraction, appeal, lure
3. uneducated, uninformed, ignorant, untaught
4. be in debt, be obliged, be obligated
5. faithfulness, allegiance, devotion
6. hungry, voracious, insatiable
7. clear, apparent, evident
9. Fill in the prepositions:
1. a temptation ___ the greedy
2. to owe knowledge ___ an English monk
3. most British Celts were driven ___ the mountains
4. days were named ___ Germanic gods
5. still exist ___ these days
6. depended ___ the personal loyalty ___ his followers
7. a man’s first duty was ___ his own family
8. to replace loyalty ___ family ___ loyalty ___ the king
10.. Using the map show the migrations of the Germanic tribes.
11.. Answer the questions:
a) Why was Britain invaded by different invaders?
b) When did the Germanic tribes begin to settle?
c) How did they behave?
d) Why is Bede so important in the history of Britain?
e) What was the difference between the Jutes, the Angles and the Saxons?
f) What is the origin of the name “England”?
g) Where did the Celts move?
h) Can we still see the influence of Anglo-Saxon culture?
i) Who was King Offa of Mercia? What was his achievement?
j) What did any king depend upon at those times?
k) What changes took place in the society?
Government and society.
1. Before reading the text answer the following questions:
1) How close is the link between government and society from your point of view?
2) How can government facilitate its work?
2. Mind the pronunciation of the following:
Council
Witan
Privy Council
Shire reeve
Manor house
Christian Church
3. Find the English equivalents in the text:
Учреждения; английское государство; королевский совет; официальный орган, издающий законы и уставы; власть; право выбирать короля; тайный совет; государственные дела; административные территории; местный управляющий; земельное владение; весенние культуры; осенние культуры; разумное управление; вырубать лесные территории; осушать влажную землю; платить налоги; манориальная система; выборные чиновники; начало классовой системы; образованные люди.
4. Explain in your own words:
institution; council; warrior; churchman; authority; adviser; administrative area; sheriff; plough; co-operative basis; manor house; alderman; man of learning.
5. Match the columns:
| turn support base plough share feed cut divide grow | into on out of in on down on for on | forested areas the right to do something advice the land difficult matters informal groups 2-3 large fields co-operative basis long straight lines |
6.. Fill in the prepositions:
1. Witan grew ___ ___ groups of senior warriors and churchmen
2. kings turned ___ advice ___ difficult matters ___ them
3. a group of advisors ___ the affairs ___ state
4. the Saxons divided the land ___ new administrative areas
5. remained exactly the same ___ a thousand years
6. to be well suited ___ the light plough
7. to amount ___ a family holding ___ twenty acres
8. the land ___ animals to feed ___
7.. Say if the following statements are true or false. Prove your point of view quoting from the text:
8. Identify the key idea of each paragraph.
9. Expand the following:
1) State institutions of the Saxon England.
2) Changes in the shape of English agriculture.
3) Villagers’ reasons for working more closely together.
4) Land administration under the Saxons.
5) The beginning of a class system.
10. Retell the text as if you were:
ü King
ü King’s advisor
ü Alderman
ü Worker on land
Christianity: the partnership of Church and state.
1. Before reading the text answer the following questions:
1) What is your attitude to religion in general?
2) Do you think that Church and State must work together and support each other?
2. Mind the pronunciation of the following:
Christianity
Emperor
Pope Gregory the Great
Canterbury
Augustine
Archbishop
propaganda
3. Find the English equivalents in the text:
принимать христианство; прекратить существование язычества; правящие семьи; обратить в новую веру; жить при королевском дворе; отступать; усилить власть королей; Божье одобрение; передача королевского престола; короновать; установить правовую систему; самый важный источник; потерять право на землю; экономические причины; важные торговые пути; экспорт; импорт.
4. Give the Russian equivalents:
Roman-controlled areas; belong to an older Germanic religion; a number of place-names; make little progress with the ordinary people; to establish Christian authority; to teach Christianity; centres of Church power; to be different in character; much of Germany; the value of Church approval; to try for the throne; a large number of matters; increased literacy.
5. Explain in your own words:
Christianity; Emperor; paganism; capital; archbishop; faith; bishop; monastery; court of the king; crisis; Easter; Synod; royal succession; successor; propaganda.
6. Match the columns:
| to become well-known to make laws to be interested to belong to give power to prefer something to go to benefit | to in out from on into for from for | closer economic contact an older Germanic religion its exports different matters monasteries in Wales, Ireland and Scotland establishing Christian authority into the hands economic reasons |
7. Fill in the table. Give examples from the text.
| Infinitive | Past Simple | Past Participle | Translation |
| became | |||
| drove | |||
| to show | |||
| grew | |||
| sent | |||
| went | |||
| did | |||
| came | |||
| made | |||
| meant | |||
| brought | |||
| gave | |||
| chosen | |||
| led |
8. Replace the following words with the synonym from your active vocabulary:
1. loyalty, trust, confidence, belief, reliance, devotion
2. power, right, ability, weight
3. heir, descendant, follower
4. fundamental, essential, crucial, very important
5. to set up, to create, to begin, to institute, to found
6. cost, worth, price, importance, significance
7. to grow, to enlarge, to raise, to enhance
9. Replace the Russian phrases by their English equivalents:
1) The Roman Emperor Constantine (принимать христианство) in the early fourth century AD.
2) Christianity became firmly established in (территории, которые контролировались римлянами).
3) The Anglo-Saxons drove the Celts into the west and north because they (принадлежать к более древней германской религии).
4) Christianity spread across the Celtic areas and it (прекратить существование язычества).
5) Several (правящие семьи) accepted Christianity.
6) The first Archbishop of Canterbury was not interested in ordinary people that was why he (обычные люди неохотно принимали христианство).
7) In 680 Christianity was brought to (на большую часть Германии).
8) (передача королевского престола) was uncertain that was why (ценность церковного одобрения в отношении короля) was all the greater.
9) Any member from the royal family with enough number of soldiers could (пытаться занять трон).
10) King Alfred was the first to establish (правовая система).
11) Rights of illiterate peasants were not registered and they could (потерять право на землю).
12) The Roman Church was preferred to the Celtic Church for (экономические причины).
10. Compare the two Churches: the Roman Church and the Celtic Church. Consider the following points:
· Location of bishops
· Attitude to the ordinary people
· Debatable issues
· Economic benefits
11. Comment on the following: “One was most interested in the hearts of ordinary people, the other was interested in authority and organization”.
12. Divide the text into logical parts, give the main idea of each part.
The Vikings.
1. Before reading the text answer the following questions:
1) Have you ever heard about the Vikings? What exactly do you know?
2) What do you know about King Alfred?
2. Mind the pronunciation of the following:
Vikings
Pirates
King Alfred
Danelaw
3. Find the English equivalents in the text:
соблазнять чем либо; враждующие англо-саксонские королевства; беспокоить местное население; решающая битва; заключить соглашение; процветающие торговые города; городская администрация.
4. Give the Russian equivalents:
to keep somebody out; to hold out against somebody; to capture London; to be strong enough; to build walled settlements.
5. Explain in your own words:
Vikings; pirate; kingdom; battle; treaty; the Danelaw; burgh.
6. Find the synonyms for the following words in the text:
1. bay, creek, fjord
2. argument, disagreement, fight, clash
3. agreement, pact, settlement, contract
4. to keep out, to withstand, to confront
7. Make 10 questions to cover the plot of the text.
8. Retell the text as if you were:
Who should be king?
1. Before reading the text answer the following questions:
1) What qualities are necessary for a king from your point of view?
2) Is it easy or difficult to be a king?
3) If you had a chance to be a king-what epoch and what country would you choose?
2. Mind the pronunciation of the following:
Ethelred
Cnut /Canute
Edward
Westminster Abbey
The Normans
Normandy
Harold
The Danes
William
Christmas Day
3. Find the English equivalents in the text:
богатый и мирный; чтобы найти деньги; установить налог; результат, следствие; по простой причине; строительство церквей; образец английской деревни; подобающий королю; быть франко-говорящими; быть христианами; храбрость и ловкость; королевская кровь; дать обещание; столкнуться с чем либо; отказаться от чего-либо; ездить верхом на лошади; сдаваться.
4. Give the Russian equivalents:
to stay away; the beginning of a regular tax system; to provide enough money; to fear disorder; to be more interested in the Church than in kingship; to encourage something; a daughter of the duke of Normandy; to be well-known for fighting skills; an obvious heir; to be a good choice for the throne of England; to challenge the right to something; to have two claims to something; to take the throne for somebody; to make something unwillingly; to be tied by something; to defeat somebody; to land.
5. Explain in your own words:
tax; Danegeld; disorder; confessor; kingship; pattern; abbey; heir; bravery; ability; claim; promise.
6. Find the synonyms for the following words in the text:
1. to panic, to be frightened, to be scared, to be afraid of
2. to catch, to trap, to seize
3. proper, appropriate, suitable, competent
4. assertion, declaration, statement, argument
5. to beat, to overcome, to conquer
7. Match the columns:
| to give to date the effects to become to give to provide to bring many Normans to be known | for (3) to up in from of | the claim to the English throne their fighting skills when William began to burn villages the English court this tax this time the simple reason their village landlord |
8. Make questions to cover the plot of the text.
9. Retell the text as if you were:
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| Exercises | | | А. Введение |