Water supply to Springfield, Illinois

1. Remember the following words and word combinations.

ultimate – конечный

life cycle = service life – срок службы

store – хранить, запасать

above-ground – наземный

storage tank – резервуар

elevated tank – водонапорный резервуар

demand – спрос

fresh – 1) свежий 2) пресный

pumpage – работа насоса, производительность насоса

standpipe – водонапорная башня

fill – наполнять(ся)

discharge – сливать, спускать, расходовать (воду); слив, спуск, расход (воды)

cast-iron – чугун

2. Watch out!

decade – десятилетие, а не декада

3. Text.

Treated water is carried from the Water Purification Plant to the ultimate users through a network of water mains. The city’s current water transmission and distribution system consists of over 600 miles of water mains, which measure from 2 inches to 36 inches in diameter.

The history of the expansion of the water system closely parallels the growth of the city. There were just under 100 miles of water mains in the system at the beginning of 1930. About 25 miles were added during that decade. Although very little expansion took place during World War II, rapid development following the war resulted in the addition of over 45 miles during the late 1940s. In response to the continued growth of both Springfield's population and the needs of our state government 445 miles of new main were added over the next five decades. From 2000 through 2007, approximately 70 miles of new main were added to the system.

Most of Springfield's water main system is composed of durable cast iron pipe, which has a very long useful life cycle under most conditions. Newer mains are constructed of ductile iron, an even more durable product.

Approximately 85% of the water distributed to the city each day is used directly out of the distribution system. The remaining 15% is stored in one of three above-ground storage tanks located throughout the city. Most water storage takes place during the night, when customer demand is lowest, ensuring plenty of water will be available to our customers during the high-demand daylight hours. To keep stored water fresh, the tanks are cycled at least partially each day.

By providing storage for water that is not immediately needed, these tanks help to create an equalizing effect on the water system by allowing some pumpage to be shifted from peak-demand to low-demand hours. They also contribute to public safety, by helping to ensure adequate flows will be available for fire fighting purposes.

The three storage tanks fill and discharge their water in different ways. The elevated Old Jacksonville Road tank "floats on the system," meaning it discharges or refills based on reductions or increases in the system's water pressure. As pressure lowers, the tank discharges water; as pressure rises, the tank fills. No pumps are required by this tank. The Factory Street ground-level tank relies on system pressure for refilling, but requires pumps for discharging. Water can be discharged from this tank at a rate of about 6 million gallons per day. The Cockrell Lane standpipe can either float on the system or use pumpage, as desired, for both refilling and discharge.

Notes:

1. the tanks are cycled … – в резервуарах происходит водообмен …

2. to create an equalizing effect – для обеспечения усредненного расхода (воды в системе)

3. float on the system – осуществлять регулирование уровня воды при помощи поплавкового клапана

4. Give English equivalents of the word combinations below.

по-разному, наземный резервуар, в дневное время, наибольший спрос, за последние несколько десятилетий, менее 100 миль, приводить к чему-либо, в конце 1940-х, по крайней мере, долгий срок службы, в ответ на, со скоростью, прочная чугунная труба, для борьбы с огнём.

5. Give synonyms.

reduce, peak demand, user, be composed of, strong, nearby, approximately, consumer, service life, rise, through, about, consist of, high-demand, speed, create, life cycle, durable, increase, lower, rate, surrounding, via, form.

6. Make up questions on the text.

7. Translate the text in the written form.

The process of transmitting and distributing drinking water to our customers begins as the clean water leaves the filtration gallery of the Water Purification Plant.

From the Water Purification Plant, the water flows to two underground storage tanks on the grounds (на территории) of the lakeside plant complex. These tanks, which have a combined capacity of 6 million gallons, hold the water for approximately four hours before it is pumped out to the city and surrounding communities via four primary, 16- to 36-inch diameter transmission mains and four high-service pumps. This transmission system has a combined capacity of 65 million gallons per day (mgd). On a typical day, however, only about a third of this capacity is called upon.

From the transmission mains, the water is further conveyed through six- to twelve-inch distribution mains to Springfield customers. Water that is not immediately needed is temporarily stored in three above-ground storage tanks.

Дата добавления: 2015-07-14