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00:28:02,213 --> 00:28:06,707
If a member of that group, is,
What shall we say, frightened
00:28:07,218 --> 00:28:09,948
And if they turned round
And see that this creature,
00:28:10,121 --> 00:28:13,318
His companion of theirs, is frightened
about something, it's very useful
00:28:14,592 --> 00:28:17,823
So the ability to make facial
Expressions involved to save lives
00:28:18,763 --> 00:28:22,221
But we often use this skill
To manipulate others
00:28:23,702 --> 00:28:27,866
Sometimes you want to convey what it is
your feeling, sometimes you don't,
00:28:28,273 --> 00:28:32,733
But if you are able to simulate
Feelings by your face,
00:28:32,911 --> 00:28:36,574
You know how to put it on, and a so that
Is then used, can be used,
00:28:36,748 --> 00:28:40,479
Consciously by an individual
In order to send signals
00:28:40,652 --> 00:28:43,849
Which also may, or may not,
Be truthful
00:28:45,423 --> 00:28:48,358
What Sir David is talking
About here is lying
00:28:48,860 --> 00:28:50,122
Now here is a little test
00:28:50,295 --> 00:28:51,421
On this video of pictures
00:28:51,596 --> 00:28:55,362
Either of happy chimpanzees
Frolicking in the jungle
00:28:55,533 --> 00:28:58,934
Or a rather bloody heart
Transplant operation
00:28:59,137 --> 00:29:01,298
and I don't know which
it is so let's see
00:29:10,448 --> 00:29:12,075
Oh, it's the chimps
00:29:12,717 --> 00:29:14,776
Yeah, two of the little
Ones are fighting
00:29:14,953 --> 00:29:17,581
and there's a big one there
Who is wondering whether he should,
00:29:19,357 --> 00:29:20,221
One of them just hit the,
00:29:20,391 --> 00:29:21,881
well, one of them'd
Getting quite cross
00:29:22,827 --> 00:29:24,454
So would you like to
watch the film too?
00:29:25,563 --> 00:29:26,621
Have another look
00:29:34,672 --> 00:29:36,071
Oh, it's the chimps
00:29:36,841 --> 00:29:39,173
Yeah, two of the little
Ones are fighting
00:29:39,344 --> 00:29:42,438
and there's a big one there who
Is wondering whether he should...
00:29:43,948 --> 00:29:47,281
Could you have told just by looking
at my face that I was lying?
00:29:51,589 --> 00:29:53,580
That's very pleasant
00:29:53,858 --> 00:29:54,882
In a similar test,
00:29:55,059 --> 00:29:59,758
Paul Ekman set out to find how good
People were at spotting liars
00:30:00,565 --> 00:30:01,862
Very pensive
00:30:03,601 --> 00:30:06,263
I took nursing students
In what I did was
00:30:06,437 --> 00:30:12,672
To show them the worst scenes of
Medical gore that they might encounter
00:30:13,178 --> 00:30:16,443
And while they watched that they had
To convince the interviewer
00:30:16,614 --> 00:30:18,844
they were talking to, who couldn't see
What they were seeing,
00:30:20,185 --> 00:30:21,675
That they were watching
The nature film
00:30:22,353 --> 00:30:26,483
Now, I also had them see one of these
Nature firms and describe it honestly
00:30:28,026 --> 00:30:29,152
How you feeling now?
00:30:29,327 --> 00:30:30,453
The same
00:30:31,196 --> 00:30:32,788
Paul Ekman asked various people
00:30:32,964 --> 00:30:35,364
Affected the liars
From this experiment
00:30:35,867 --> 00:30:39,030
This is the moment when this
Young woman gives herself away,
00:30:39,404 --> 00:30:41,929
she's lying, but could they tell
00:30:42,907 --> 00:30:45,671
And this is how non-experts
Like us scored
00:30:46,544 --> 00:30:48,034
No better than chance
00:30:48,513 --> 00:30:50,606
Okay, so now we come to the experts
00:30:51,149 --> 00:30:54,607
People whose professions have giving
them special experience with lying:
00:30:54,786 --> 00:30:58,347
Police, judges, trial lawyers,
Forensic psychiatrists
00:30:58,523 --> 00:31:02,015
And the experts who actually
Carry out lie detector tests
00:31:02,193 --> 00:31:04,184
And here is how they scored
00:31:04,395 --> 00:31:05,191
Judges!
00:31:06,531 --> 00:31:07,555
Forensic psychiatrists:
00:31:09,400 --> 00:31:11,664
Now police
00:31:13,438 --> 00:31:15,338
The experts who carry out
Lie detector tests,
00:31:17,008 --> 00:31:19,203
Nobody could pick the liars,
it's amazing,
00:31:19,377 --> 00:31:21,208
except one group:
00:31:22,914 --> 00:31:25,439
One-third of Secret
Service agents
00:31:25,817 --> 00:31:27,045
Scored 80 percent
00:31:27,585 --> 00:31:28,552
That's seriously good
00:31:28,720 --> 00:31:32,588
So what do they know that
nobody else does?
00:31:34,058 --> 00:31:35,116
Using more recent footage
00:31:35,293 --> 00:31:38,228
Ekman can show us what the
Secret agents were spotting
00:31:39,831 --> 00:31:43,790
There is one sign of concealment
And that is a micro-expression,
00:31:43,968 --> 00:31:49,338
An expression that is very reduced in
Time, about a 25th of a second is typical,
00:31:49,707 --> 00:31:53,507
While the normal facial expression is
A half second to two or three seconds
00:31:54,145 --> 00:32:00,050
In this experiment, we found out what
People had the strongest convictions about
00:32:01,552 --> 00:32:04,783
The particular person I'm gonna show you
It was about capital punishment
00:32:05,223 --> 00:32:06,349
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