What causes water pollution?

Choose the correct answer:

1. What causes water pollution? __________________________________________________________

2. What is sewage?____________________________________________________________________

3. What harmful things are contained in sewage? ____________________________________________

4. What is a fertilizer? _________________________________________________________________

5. What is a pesticide? _________________________________________________________________

6. What kinds of water pollutants are produced by industry? ___________________________________

7. What is a sewage treatment plant? ______________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

8. How have laws helped to reduce water pollution? __________________________________________

a. chemical that is used to kill insect pests

b. bacteria, chemicals, and soaps

c. chemical pollutants

d. The laws require industries to clean their wastes before dumping them into lakes and rivers and ban the use of certain pesticides and soaps.

e. place in which sewage is changed into less harmful materials

f. wastes that are usually flushed away in water

g. release of harmful substances into the water

h. chemicals that help plants grow

1. Introduction of the new words:

- finite['faɪnaɪt] обмежений - sewage ['s(j)u:idʒ]стічні води

- capacity[kə'pæsətɪ]обсяг - vector ['vektə]переносник інфекції

- exhausted [ig'zɔ:stid]виснажений - constitutes ['kɔnstitju:t]становити

- ignorance [ɪ̱gnərəns] неосвіченість - greed [gri:d]жадібність

2. Read & translate the sentences with the new words:

1. We haven’t ever thought that water on the earth is finite, have we?

2. They don’t know the capacity of drinking water on our planet.

3. This river has become exhausted because of using great amount of water.

4. He always shows his ignorance in the matters of protection of environment.

5. Sewage waters are the main source of infection diseases, aren’t they?

6. Different vectors are the causes of different infectious diseases.

7. His greed is well-known to his friends.

3. Read & translate the text:

Water is a gift of nature. The total amount of water on the earth is finite, while man's capacity for pollution is accelerating fast with the growth of population, agriculture and industry across the globe. Local water bodies may very quickly be exhausted and become polluted due to greed and ignorance; water can become a source of death and disease rather than life.

Today, at least one-fifth of all people worldwide lack access to safe drinking water. In developing countries, most cities discharge 80 to 90 % of the untreated sewage directly into rivers and streams, which are used for drinking, bathing and washing. This lack of sewage treatment has allowed dangerous microorganisms to spread water-borne diseases; particularly diseases transmitted by vectors which live in the water environment account for about a third of all deaths in the world.

The growing pollution of our rivers constitutes the biggest threat to public health. Polluted waters lead to various gastrointestinal problems, liver infections, cancer, etc. Children are often the worst affected, dying in large numbers because of diarrhea. Even in the 1990s more than 1 million children died due to diarrhea and other gastrointestinal disorders.

Water-related diseases

The water-related infections of man are extremely numerous and diverse. In general the following are the ways in which diseases may be carried by water.

Pathogenic organisms are transmitted from one person to another through their domestic water supply.: (e.g.) cholera, typhoid and hepatitis.

Inadequate water supply, lack of personal cleanliness: (e.g.) trachoma and skin infection

Infection transmitted by organisms which live in water and spend part of their life cycle in water.

Insect vectors which are related in some way to water transmit inflection: (e.g.) yellow fever, malaria etc.

1. Translate the following word combinations: to be a gift of nature; finite amount of water; with the growth of population; local water bodies; due to greed and ignorance; a source of death and disease; lack access to safe drinking water; the untreated sewage; to be used for drinking, bathing and washing; to spread water-borne diseases; to be transmitted by vectors; a third of all deaths in the world; the biggest threat to public health; to lead to various gastrointestinal problems; dying in large numbers; diarrhea and other gastrointestinal disorders; to be extremely numerous and diverse; to be transmitted from one person to another; inadequate water supply; to spend part of their life cycle in water; water transmit inflection.

2. Translate the following sentences:

1. Неможливо уявити життя людини без води, чи не так?

2. Багато інфекційних хвороб поширюються через воду.

3. Брудна вода може викликати рак та інші небезпечні хвороби.

4. Багато заводів скидають продукти відходів у річки та озера.

5. Вода з забруднених річок використовується для пиття та миття.

6. Стічні води є основною причиною інфекційних хвороб, чи не так?

7. Люди не думали, що запаси води обмежені.

8. Наша неосвіченість спричиняє загрозу нашому здоров’ю та життю.

9. Діарея є основною причиною смерті серед дітей, чи не так?

10. Ця річка вже дуже виснажена, щоб бути джерелом води для цього великого міста.

3. Complete the text with the following words:

scarce poisonous effluent sake species respect pollution shortage pour supply precious destroyed variety access urgent

One of the most___(1) environmental problems in the world today is the___(2) of clean water. (3) to clean drinking water is a basic human need. But industrial ____(4) has made many sources of water undrinkable. Rivers, lakes and even seas have become___(5). Lake Baikal is one of the world's largest and most beautiful lakes. Russians call it the Holy Sea. It contains a rich____(6) of animals and plants, including 1,300 rare___(7) that do not exist anywhere else in the world. However, they are being (8) by the massive industrial___ (9), which some facilities still___(10) into the lake every day. A few years ago, people thought that the ____(11) of clean water was limitless. Now clean water is ____(12) and we are beginning to ____(13) this_____(14)resource. We must protect the clean water that remains for the _____(15) of our children & grandchildren

4. Read & translate how to keep waters clean:

If you want to help keep our waters clean, there are many things you can do to help. You can prevent water pollution of nearby rivers and lakes as well as groundwater and drinking water by following some simple guidelines in your everyday life.

Conserve water by turning off the tap when running water is not necessary. This helps prevent water shortages and reduces the amount of contaminated water that needs treatment.

Be careful about what you throw down your sink or toilet. Don’t throw paints, oils or other forms of litter down the drain.

Use environmentally household products, such as washing powder, household cleaning agents and toiletries.

Take great care not to overuse pesticides and fertilisers. This will prevent runoffs of the material into nearby water sources.

By having more plants in your garden you are preventing fertiliser, pesticides and contaminated water from running off into nearby water sources.

Don’t throw litter into rivers, lakes or oceans. Help clean up any litter you see on beaches or in rivers and lakes, make sure it is safe to collect the litter and put it in a nearby dustbin.

Grammar: ask alternative questions to the following sentences:

1.Не turns on the television to watch cartoons every morning. 2. He turned on the television to watch cartoons yesterday morning. 3. He will turn on the television to watch cartoons tomorrow morning. 4. I always go to the Altai Mountains to visit my relatives there. 5. I was very busy last summer and I did not go there. 6. I won’t go there next year because it costs a lot of money and I can't afford it. 7. They enjoyed themselves at the symphony yesterday evening. 8.He will take care of the child in the future 9. She does all the washing in their hous e. 10. Two years ago they were rich and money was never a problem.

Дата добавления: 2015-10-30