Transform them into questions.

4. Transform them into the third person singular (he/she/it) affirmative, negative, questions.

5. Translate the sentences into Russian. Explain the use of the verb have.

1. Never spend money before you have it.

2. We have to obey the lab safety rules.

3. Overdocumentation has two dangers.

4. They have had many assistants.

5. Recent experiments have produced conflicting results.

6. They must be able to identify the particular error that has occurred in the input.

7. Someone had to confirm that light travels at a finite speed.

6. Match the “heads and tails”.

You shouldn’t take antibiotics	because it can evaporate.
You should ask the supervisor some advice	it may cause damage to the monitor.
You don’t have to switch off the engine	because you can surf the Internet.
You don’t have to go to the library	if the doctor hasn’t prescribed them.
You mustn’t keep this substance in the open dish	if you stop at the traffic lights.
You mustn’t install the monitor close to the electric heater because	when you can’t do the lab work.

7. Complete the sentences with must or have to in the correct form. Sometimes it is possible to use either.

1. You really… work harder if you want to pass that examination. 2. Last night he suddenly became ill. We… call the doctor. 3. She … wear glasses since she was eight years old. 4. I’m afraid I can’t come tomorrow. I… work late. 5. I’m sorry I couldn’t come yesterday. I…work late. 6. We couldn’t repair the car ourselves. We…take it to a garage. 7. When you come to London again, you…come and see us. 8. It’s 10 o’clock. I…go now.

8. Make questions with have to.

1. Tom had to repeat the last paragraph once more. - Why…

2. She has to make the report at the conference. - When…

3. We had to answer a lot of questions at the examination.- How many…

4. Nick had to pay a fine. - How much…

5. They will have to spend a lot of time in the institute next week. – Why…

6. We are exhausted. We have had to do all the calculations. – How many…

9. You are giving advice to your friend. Use should or shouldn’t.

1. Your friend can’t do the presentation. 2. Your friend has just been offered a job. 3. Your friend can’t make the graph. 4. Your friend doesn’t have all the necessary equipment to do the experiment. 5. Your friend drives the car without a driver’s license.

10. Complete with the correct form of must, have to, or should.

1. You… repair this device yourself. It’s dangerous. 2. I … go to work because it’s Sunday. 3. This offer is perfect for you. You … accept it. 4. We … attend all the lectures. I hate it. 5. I … remember to recharge the battery. 6. We were tired. We … process the measurements. 7. You … work too much on the computer. It’s not good for your eyes. 8. My friend presented all the charts and diagrams. I … do anything. 9. My computer broke down so I... phone the service.

11. You are working in the laboratory and you’ve got an emergency situation. In pairs, decide what you have to, should, don’t have to, shouldn’t, mustn’t do.

1. A student’s clothes have caught fire 2. One of the counters is on fire. 3. There’s a lot of smoke inside the laboratory room and you can’t identify the source of fire. 4. An individual has inhaled too much carbon monoxide and fainted. 5. An individual has got an electric shock. 6. A student has a minor cut. 7. You are in the middle of the experiment and you can hear an emergency evacuation alarm.

Listening (1.b)

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