Natural Disaster or Poor Management?

Chapter IY Forest Fires

Lesson 1

Forest Fires – An Overview

Terms and expressions

fire management	–организация мер по предупреждению и тушению пожаров
fire suppression	– тушение пожаров
fire prevention	– предупреждение пожаров
natural fire	– пожар, вызванный природными условиями
lightning	– загорание от молнии
spontaneous combustion	– самовозгорание
firefighting authorities	– противопожарные службы
“fire triangle”	– триада факторов, вырывающих пожар
smoldering fire	– тлеющий пожар
flaming combustion	– горение с языками пламени
glowing combustion	– пылающий пожар
ground fire	– низовой пожар
surface fire	– наземный (напочвенный) пожар
crown fire	– верховой пожар
extinguish a fire	– тушить пожар
fire fighters	– пожарники
suppression methods	– методы тушения
rugged terrain	– сильно пересеченная местность
digging trenches	– траншеекопатели
water backpacks	– ранцы с водой
firebreaks	– противопожарная полоса
fire retardant chemicals	– химические ингибиторы горения
burn debris	– сжигать лесосечные отходы
composting	– компостирование
flammable	– воспламеняемый
keep handy	– иметь в распоряжении
water hose	– водяной шланг
power saw	– моторная пила
fire extinguisher	– огнетушитель
forest slash	– сухостой

Introductory exercises

1. Переведите устно (рекомендуется для перевода с «листа»):

Forest Fires in the Russian Taiga:

Natural Disaster or Poor Management?

Catastrophic forest fires in Russia are a serious threat to both the unique biodiversity of boreal forests and the global carbon balance. In recent years, the Russian fire management policy has been unclear, ineffective and nontransparent. The current situation is even more alarming, since ongoing administrative reform and permanent changes in forest legislation lead to the dismantling of the present system of forest management in the country, not to improving its efficiency. As a result, the Russia’s fire management system risks to be soon destroyed completely.

To restore Russia’s fire management capabilities, the government urgently needs to do the following: provide the public with reliable, accurate and complete data on forest fires and their impacts on the environment; move the fire management policy into a public arena, since humans are the main cause of the country’s forest fires; and clearly specify the division of responsibilities and to provide efficient cooperation among the federal agencies and regional and local authorities in fire suppression and to provide adequate financial resources and personnel training. International and national awareness of catastrophic forest fires in Russia needs to be raised, as public pressure could force the Russian government to change its forest fire management policies. Non-governmental organizations can play a vital role in this process by using pilot research projects to demonstrate the real scale of the problem and to analyze the causes and impacts of forest fires. NGOs can also show to run effective campaigns for fire prevention at local and regional.

2. Найдите в тексте и переведите словосочетания:

Started by lightning; dry fuel; human – caused fires; burned area; to detect early; to contain easily; abundant supply; to emit smoke; to be self – sustained; a slower rate of combustion; to occur on the ground; to burn the crowns; to occur simultaneously; fighting forest fires; to detect a fire; to apply suppression methods; transporting the firefighters; wildland fires; to be controlled by digging trenches; portable water backpacks; aerial support; to run out of dry fuel; to be a major concern; to get out of control; to cause serious damage; to spread to nearby forests; no-burn option; to dispose yard debris; on-site chipping; because of human carelessness; the forest fire season; “burn ban” restrictions; cooking fire; natural vegetation; untreated wood products; burn piles; to keep equipment handy; to extinguish the fire; to attend the fire; to have a proper muffler; to be accompanied by a round point shovel; proper exhaust systems.

3.Переведите устно и письменно (может использоваться для последовательного перевода):

Дата добавления: 2015-10-23