Composition (compounding)

WORD-FORMATION IN MODERN ENGLISH

The morphological structure of a word.

What is the minimal unit of language? The word. The morpheme. Types of morphemes. Inflection and derivation. The root morphemes and the affixation morphemes. Free and bound morphemes. Allomorphs. Structural types of words: simple, derived/complex, compound.

2). The concept of productivity. Productive means of word-formation.

3). Affixation. Definition and general characteristics of suffixes and prefixes. Prefixes, principles of classification of prefixes. Semantics of prefixes. Suffixes, classification of suffixes according to: a) the word class formed, b) the meaning, с)stylistic reference, d) origin.

Productive and non-productive affixes, productivity vs. frequency of affixes.

4). Compounding. Types of stems. Classification of compound words. Types of derivational compounds. Their structural patterns.

MORPHOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF ENGLISH LEXEMES

I. Comment on structural types of words. Arrange the following words into (a) simple; (b) derived; (c) compounds; (d) derivational compounds:

Teenager, ill-mannered, railway, childish, bald-headed, toy, deaf, deaf-mute, act, actor, friend, friendship, boyishness, everything, open-hearted, old, old-timer, normal, honeymooner, bare-legged, pencil-sharpener, meltdown, outsmart, single-mindedness, disgruntled.

II. Comment on the inflectional and derivational functions of suffix –s if added to the following nouns:

Duty, custom, direction, power, humanity, picture, honor, color, development, work, talk.

AFFIXATION

III. Classify the following prefixes into (A) 1. native; 2. foreign; (B) 1. productive; 2. semi-productive; 3. non-productive: a-, ante-, arch-, be-, circum-, counter-, de-, dis-, ex-, mis-, ob-, out-, post-, retro-, trans-, ultra-, un-, under-, vice-.

IV. Comment on the meaning of the prefixes in the words below:

Afloat, redo, disband, uncomfortable, unarm, anew, apolitical, disobey, revisit, reunite, disconnect, unsafe.

V. Add a prefix with the meaning of oppositeness, negation, etc. to these (there may be more than one):

Able, literate, reasonable, sense, to function, proper, believer, to inform, certain, accurate, capable, to behave, regular, to wrap, respective, official, standard, smoker, to translate, apt, nourished.

VI. Classify the following –er nouns into: (a) agent-nouns; (b) nouns denoting things which do what the stem denotes; (c) nouns denoting persons who live in a certain locality.

Dancer, reader, announcer, New-Yorker, offender, owner, footballer, villager, free-thinker, cutter.

VII. Form (other) nouns from the words below by using the suffixes -hood, -age, -ment, -ship, -(i)ty, -(e)ry:

Nourish, parent, curious, nurse, break, minor, brutal, brew, dentist, guardian, orphan, bachelor, complex, penman, encourage, sterile, short, pot.

VIII. Form diminutive nouns with the help of the following suffixes: -let, -kin, -ling, -y/-ey/-ie, -ette/-et:

Book, duck, aunt, cigar, wolf, seed, dog, kitchen, drop, prince, girl, first.

IX. Give the corresponding words denoting living beings of the female sex:

hero, bull, duke, prince, bachelor, king, monk, nephew, mister, actor, doctor, god, widower, tsar, bridegroom, count, cock, gander, horse, host, tiger.

X. Form adjectives from the names of these countries:

Africa, Canada, Germany, Iraq, Iran, Poland, France, Azerbaijan, Japan, Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, Thailand, Egypt, Ireland, Singapore, Malaysia, Qatar, the Netherlands, Tajikistan, Spain.

XI. Comment on the homonymy of the following suffixes: - ish, -ly, -en:

Flatten, greyish, darken, British, weekly, thoughtfully, childish, fatherly, sevenish, neighborly, kindly, flaxen, moisten, boldly, Finnish, widen, fortyish, silken.

COMPOSITION (COMPOUNDING)

XII. Arrange the following into compounds and free word-groups:

Punctuation mark, excellent mark, top mark, birthmark, burn mark; material comforts, creature comforts, rear seat comfort, comfort zone;

whale bones, whaleboat, whalebone, killer whale, whale killer;

bright side, winning side, riverside, soft side, downside;

silver platter, silver spoon, silver bullet;

bear market, bear hug, bear tracks, bear sightings, bearskin.

XIII. Arrange the following compounds into compounds proper and derivational compounds:

Old-timer, honeymooner, food stamp, narrow-minded, late arrival, holiday-maker, mean-spirited, wide-eyed, bushy-tailed, straight shooter, cranberries, cutting-edge, state-of-the-art, tour de force.

XIV. Identify compounds in which semantic integrity is idiomatic in character:

Blueprint, bluestocking, Bluetooth;

Dogleg, doghouse, dog collar, dog-eared, dog days, dogfight

Ladybird, ladies’ man, lady-in-waiting;

Wall-eyed, wall painting, wallpaper, wall-to-wall;

Homework, homeschooling, home front, home loan, home truth, home base, homespun.

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Дата добавления: 2015-10-31