Practical assignments

SEMINAR 3.

VOCABULARY AS A SYSTEM IN PARADIGMATICS

1. Semantic fields and lexico-semantic groups in the English and Ukrainian language.

2. Hyponymy in the English and Ukrainian language.

3. Synonyms as a language universal.

4. Synonyms. Problems of definition.

5. A synchronic approach to synonymy: classification of synonyms in the English and Ukrainian language.

6. Types of synonyms in the English and Ukrainian language: ideographic, stylistic, total, territorial, contextual.

7. A synonymic dominant and a hyperonym: the problem of differentiation.

8. A diachronic approach of synonymy: sources of synonyms.

9. Antonyms as a language universal.

10. Antonyms: different approaches to classification in the English and Ukrainian language.

11. Types of antonyms in the English and Ukrainian language: contradictories, contraries, incompatibles, conversives.

12. Absolute and derivational antonyms in the English and Ukrainian language.

Рекомендована література:

1. Ніколенко А.Г. Лексикологія англійської мови. Теорія і практика (English Lexicology. Theory and Practice): Посібник. – Вінниця: Нова книга, 2007. – 527 c.

2. Верба Л.Г. Порівняльна лексикологія англійської та української мов: Посібник для перекладацьких відділень вузів. – Вінниця: Нова книга, 2003. – С. 6-18, 20-25.

PRACTICAL ASSIGNMENTS

Exercise 1. Comment on the statements (TRUE OR FALSE):

1. Semantic relations of incompatibility exist among the antonyms with the common component of meaning and may be described as the reverse of hyponymy, i.e. as the relations of exclusion but not of contradiction.

2.Generally antonyms fall into three main groups.

3. Semantic relations of incompatibility exist among the antonyms with the common component of meaning and may be described as the reverse of hyponymy, i.e. as the relations of exclusion but not of contradiction.

4. Perfect or complete antonyms are met very often.

5. Contraries differ from contradictories mainly because contradictories admit of no possibility between them.

6. We know that polysemy may be analyzed through synonymy.

7. Antonymy in general shares many features typical of synonymy.

8. Converses usually denote different referents or situations and it doesn’t matter whether they viewed from different angles.

9. Antonyms are words that share the same spelling and the same pronunciation but have different meanings.

10. Antonyms form binary oppositions, the distinctive feature of which is semantic polarity.

11. The logical basis of antonymy are two kinds of opposites - contrary and complementary.

12. Antonyms differ in style, emotional colouring or distribution.

2. Insert the words missing in the text:

complementary derivational distribution interchangeable affixes homogeneous opposite division conditions Antonyms

  1)______may be defined as two or rarely more words of the same language belonging to the same part of speech, identical in style and nearly identical in 2)______, associated and used together so that their denotative meanings render contrary or contradictory notions. The definition, however, is not sufficiently accurate, as it only shifts the problem to the question of what words may be regarded as words of 3)______meaning. According to the structure antonyms can be absolute or root antonyms and 4)________antonyms. Absolute antonyms, then, are words regularly contrasted as 5)_______sentence members connected by copulative, disjunctive or adversative conjunctions, or identically used in parallel constructions, in certain typical configurations (typical contexts). Antonyms do not differ either in style, emotional colouring or distribution. They are 6)________ at least in some contexts. The result of this interchange may be of different kind depending on the 7)________of context. The second group of antonyms is known as derivational antonyms. The 8)_________in term serve to deny the quality stated in the stem. In the Ukrainian language prefix не- is almost universal, that is added to adjectives and nouns and form 9)_______antonyms. The 10)______into groups antonyms contrary and complementary, and in general statements that certain words are antonyms rather conventional. 3. Match the definitions with the terms:

1). Absolute antonyms	a) the affixes in term serve to deny the quality stated in the stem
2). Derivational antonyms	b) are words that belong to the same part of speech and have opposite meanings
3). Antonyms	c) can be more widely used and very often can include the referents of the marked member but not vice versa
4). ‘Unmarked’ members	d) are words regularly contrasted as homogeneous sentence members connected by copulative, disjunctive or adversative conjunctions, or identically used in parallel constructions, in certain typical configurations
5). Contrary opposites	e) are characterized by two opposed opposed average, intermediate values

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