Basic Computers

The computer is the heart of any direct digital control (DDC) system. Although there are many models of DDC computer systems currently available, most operate in the same basic way and are similar in design to personal computers.

In their simplest form, all computers consist of hardware and software. The term hardware includes all the components that a computer is assembled from the central processing unit, memory, input and output terminals, operator display terminal, keypad, and peripheral devices. Peripheral equipment is used to link the computer's internal environment to the outside world to allow humans to access stored information and to allow for machine-to-machine communications in a computer network. Software is a series of instructions that tell the computer how to operate. These instruction sets or commands are packaged together to form programmers which are designed to manipulate data for a specific purpose. There are several echelons of software used in computers, which range from programs that tell the computer how to handle basic tasks to programs that guide the computer through difficult data processing. Computers commonly use several layers of software running concurrently to guide their operation, and these layers are

transparent to the computer operator a direct digital control (DDC) system – система прямого цифрового контроля

Hardware – аппаратное обеспечение

Software – программное обеспечение

The central processing unit – центральное процессорное устройство

Input and output terminal – терминал ввода и вывода

A keypad – вспомогательная клавиатура

Peripheral device – периферийное устройство

Environment – среда окружения

To access – иметь доступ

Data processing – обработка данных

Задание № 11. Закончите предложение, выбрав соответствующий вариант

окончания.

Peripheral equipment is used …

to link the computer's internal environment to the outside world

to form programmers

to manipulate data for a specific purpose

Задание № 12. Перепишите вопросы к тексту и письменно ответьте на них.

What is the heart of any direct digital control (DDC) system?

What do all computers consist of?

What components does the hardware include?

What is peripheral equipment used to?

What does software mean?

Вариант № 5

Задание № 1. Выберите соответствующее местоимение. Перепишите и переведите предложения на русский язык.

We went on holiday with some friends of (our, ours, ourselves).

They want to see (their, them, theirs).

We invited her to stay with (ours, us, our).

She fell off her bike but she didn’t hurt (her, hers, herself).

Задание № 2. Выберите нужный предлог of, about, in, for, to. Перепишите и переведите предложения на русский язык.

The price of electricity is going up … October.

I’m sorry … shouting at you yesterday.

I’m not ashamed … what I did.

Can I speak … you for a moment?

If you’re worried about the problem, you should do something … it.

Задание № 3. Закончите разделительные вопросы и перепишите их.

Cement is made of limestone and clay, …?

The characteristics of concrete depend upon the quality of the materials used,

…?

Ann doesn’t seem very happy at the moment, …?

I was having dinner with some friends, …?

Tom will probably arrive at about 8 o’clock, …?

Задание № 4. Поставьте предложения с модальными глаголами в прошедшем или будущем времени, используя слова, данные в скобках. Перепишите и переведите предложения на русский язык.

I must get up early today (tomorrow).

I can run very fast (when I was young).

You may go to see this film (yesterday evening).

Задание № 5. Выберите действительную или страдательную форму глагола. Перепишите и переведите предложения на русский язык.

A new microcomputer (has been developed, has developed) in our country.

Today scientists (are being conducted, are conducting) space research to study

our solar system.

The new exhibition (devotes, is devoted) to economic and social developments.

Two hundred people (employed, were employed) by the company.

Задание № 6. Переделайте предложения из действительного залога в страдательный, сохраняя видовременную форму сказуемого. Напишите и переведите полученные предложения на русский язык.

In the picture galleries and museums you meet well-mannered and well-dressed

people.

Heating systems and cars mainly pollute air.

Somebody is cleaning the room at the moment.

They have built a new hospital near the park.

I think I’ll close the window.

Задание № 7. Перепишите и переведите предложения на русский язык. Выпишите из каждого глагол – сказуемое и определите его видовременную форму и залог. Напишите форму инфинитива глагола.

Modern industrial buildings have demonstrated the advantages of reinforced

concrete arches, metal frames and glass walls.

The high degree of mechanization is successfully achieved by reinforced

concrete blocks and units.

Large blocks of stone were transported over long distances by land and water.

The precast concrete technique is constantly being improved in our country.

New plants of large capacity have been coming into service in many parts of the

world.

They will have finished the construction by the end of the next year.

Задание № 8. Выберите нужную форму глагола. Перепишите и переведите предложения на русский язык. Выберите требуемую по смыслу форму глагола и переведите предложения на русский язык.

It’s very crowded here. I (wish) there (be not) so many people.

If I (know) his number, I (phone) him.

We didn’t see you when you were crossing the street. If we (see) you, of course

we (say) hello.

It is raining. I (wish) it (stop) raining.

Задание № 9. Перепишите и переведите предложения на русский язык. Выпишите причастный (Absolute Participle Construction) или инфинитивный (Complex Object, Complex Subject) оборот и определите его тип.

The train was supposed to arrive at 11.30, but it was an hour later.

Do you want me to meet with you?

It being late, we decided to stop working.

Задание № 10. Перепишите и письменно переведите текст.

Дата добавления: 2015-07-10