IX. There are many engineering terms in the introduction, which can be translated differently. With your partner, decide which Russian equivalent suits the context better.

UNIT 1. Reading exercises.

B.Mikhov, B.Katerska, 2010. Some biocompatible materials used in medical practice. Trakia Journal of Sciences, v.8,pp.119-125.

Pre-reading tasks.

I. Read the heading of the article. What does the term ‘biocompatible’ mean (choose the correct definition)?

• having an effect on a living organism

• going together well with living tissue by not being toxic, injurious, or physiologically reactive and not causing immunological rejection

• capable of being slowly destroyed and broken down into very small parts by natural processes

II. Read about the types of journal articles again. What type is Mihov& Katerska (2010) article? What are the main features of articles of this type?

III. Read the heading, the information about the authors and the key words. Can you predict what the article will be about? What field(s) of science and technology are involved? Are the authors native English speakers? Do they work in a well established scientific center/university/hospital/business company?

IV. Skim the article. Name the parts it consists of. What is the function of each part (Give reasons/Prove your ideas).

V. Look at figures 1 and 2. Describe what you see to each other.

VI. Study the list of reference s and find examples of:

• research articles in scientific journals

• review articles

• proceedings from international conferences

• monographs/ books

Do the authors use direct citation?

General Comprehension questions.

VII. In pairs quickly find the answers to the following questions:

1. What are the main types of biomaterials?

2. What makes Titanium the most biocompatible metal?

3. Where is Titanium widely used?

4. What is the stent? What is it made of?

5. What is the main principle of stent functioning (see Fig 4)

6. What is the principle for classification of ocular lenses?

7. If implanted material (e.g. titanium) is surrounded by a newly formed bone, adhering to it, this phenomenon is called___________.

VIII. Match synthetic biomaterials and their application:

semiconductor material	cartilage
metals	heart valves
polymers	biosensors
ceramics	orthopedic screws

Lexical/Grammar Exercises.

Introduction. p 119

IX. There are many engineering terms in the introduction, which can be translated differently. With your partner, decide which Russian equivalent suits the context better.

	tensile strength	прочность на разрыв/ степень вязкости/растягивающее усилие/растяжимость
	stress	нагрузка /напряжение/ давление/ нажим/сила/интенсивность/внешнее воздействие
	strain	деформация /натяжение/ напряжение /сила /искажение/текучесть
	resistance	устойчивость/сопротивление/упругость
	shape memory materials	материал с запоминающейся формой/ придать особую форму материалу/материал с памятью формы
	pacemaker box	кардиостимулятор/шагомер/ набор инструментов
	adhesion	прилипание/сцепление/трение/схватывание
	stainless steel* p.121	steel не имеющий пятен/безупречный/чистый/нержавеющий

Х. Translation of noun phrases:

The important feature of the academic style is the use of complex noun phrases instead of word combinations with ‘of’: e.g.’ shape memory material’ instead of ‘material with the memory of shape’.

In order to translate these noun phrases, translate first the last word (material-материал), then translate the first words as definitions to the last word: ‘ what kind of material?’ с памятью формы.

Now translate the following noun phrases:

martensite-start temperature__________________________________________

carotid artery stenting________________________________________________

stainless steel filaments_______________________________________________

gel-like plastic materials________________________________________________

Sections 1&3. Stent implantation and dental implants.

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