B) Unuttered or Inner Represented Speech

As has often been pointed out, language has two functions: the communicative and the expressive. The communicative function serves to convey one’s thoughts, volitions, emotions and orders to the mind of a second person. The expressive function serves to shape one’s thought and emotions into language forms. This second function is believed to be the only way of materializing thoughts and emotions. Without language forms thought is not yet thought but only something being sharped as thought. The thoughts and feelings going on in one’s mind and reflesting some previous experience are called inner speech.

Inner represented speech, unlike uttered represented speech, expresses feelings and thoughts of the character which were not materialized in spoken or written language by the character. That is why it abounds in exclamatory words and phrases, elliptical constructions, breaks,and other means of conveying feelings, he can give vent to those strong emotions which he usually keeps hidden. Here is an example from Galsworthy’s “Man of property”:

“His nervousness about this disclosure irritated him profoundly;

she had no business to make him feel like that - a wife and a husband being one person. She had not looked at him once since they sat down, and he wondered what on earth she had been thinking about all the time. It was hard, when a man worked hard as he did, making money for her-yes and with an ache in his heart-that she should sit there, looking-looking as if she saw the walls of the room closing in. It was enough to make a man get up and leave the table.”

Inner represented speech, unlike uttered represented speech, is usually introduced by verbs of mental perception, as think,meditate,feel,occur (an idea occured to...), wonder, ask, tell oneself, understand and the like. For example:

“Over and over he was asking himself: would she receive him? would she recognize him? what she should say to her?”

“Why weren’t things going well between them? he wondered.”

Control questions:

1. What is Repetition? Name types of repetition.
2. What are Enumeration and Gradation?
3. What is Antithesis?
4. Particular use of colloquial constructions: Ellipsis
5. What is Break-in-the-narrative (aposiopesis)
6. What is Question-in-the-narrative?

Literature:

1. Л.Л. Нелюбин. Лингвостилистика современного английского языка. М., 2007г

2.Арнольд И.В. Стилистика современного английского языка. М., 1990
3. Кухаренко В.П. Семинары по стилистике. М., 1985
4. Galperin I. R. Stylistics. М., 1981
5. Кухаренко В.П. Интерпретация текста. М., 1984.
6. Разинкина Н.М, Функциональная стилистика. М., 1989.
7. Телия В.Н. Теория метафоры. М., Наука, 1990.

8. Ullman, Stephen, Words and their use. Frederich Muller, Ldn. 1975, p. 107

9.Verhaar, John W.M., Proceeding of the Ninth international congress of linguists, The Hague, 1986, p. 378

10.Foster, Brian, The changing English language, Penguin books, 1990, p.12

11.Barfield, Owen. Poetic diction. Lnd. 1979, 2nd. ed. p. 628

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