A. Moral values deal with fundamental questions of right and wrong. For example, laws against killing promote such important moral value as the protection of life. But some things which we consider immoral may not violate the law. In some cases, such as in self-defense or during а time of war, killing may be legal.
B. Economic values deal with the accumulation, preservation, use, and distribution of wealth. Many laws promote economic values. They encourage certain economic decisions and discourage others. The law encourages home ownership by giving tax benefits to people who borrow money to pay for а home, for example.
C. Social values are important to society. For example, it is social value that all students are provided with free public education through high school.
Like other values, social values can change. In the past, for example, society believed that sports were not as important for girls as for boys. This value has changed. Today, laws provide females with sports opportunities.
Many laws combine moral, economic, political, and social values. For example, laws against theft deal with the moral problems of stealing, the economic matters of protection of property, and the social issue of respecting the property of others.
Слова и выражения:
A.
deal with – иметь дело с
laws against killing – законы против убийства
violate (v) – нарушать
case (n, C) - случай
self-defense (n,U) – самооборона
killing (n,C) – убийство
legal (adj.) – имеющий юридическую силу
B.
accumulation (n, C/U) – аккумуляция
preservation (n,U) – защита, охрана, сохранение
use (n, C/U) - использование
distribution (n, C/U) - распределение
wealth (n,U) – богатство, достаток
encourage (v) – поддерживать
certain (adj.) - определенный
discourage (v) – не поддерживать
ownership (n,U) - собственность
borrow (v) – занимать деньги
C.
social values – социальные ценности
concern (v) - касаться
free education – бесплатное образование
require (v) - требовать
females (n,C) - женщины
opportunities (n, C) - возможности
violate (v) - нарушать
respect (v) – уважать
the property (n, C/U) – частная собственность
II. Ответьте на следующие вопросы к текстам A, B, C.
1. What do laws reflect and promote?
2. What influences our legal system? How?
3. Think of your own examples of something that is immoral, but not illegal. Now try to find examples of something illegal but not immoral in our society.
4. Why can laws change when values change?
5. How can laws promote economic values?
6. What is the difference between political and social values?
7. What is the difference between political and economic values?
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