The origin of the U.S. usage

The founders of the first institutions of higher education in the United States were graduates of the University of Oxford and the University of Cambridge. The small institutions they founded would not have seemed to them like universities — they were tiny and did not offer the higher degrees in medicine and theology. Furthermore, they were not composed of several small colleges. Instead, the new institutions felt like the Oxford and Cambridge colleges they were used to — small communities, housing and feeding their students, with instruction from residential tutors (as in the United Kingdom, described above). When the first students came to be graduated, these "colleges" assumed the right to confer degrees upon them, usually with authority -- for example, the College of William and Mary has a Royal Charter from the British monarchy allowing it to confer degrees while Dartmouth College has a charter permitting it to award degrees "as are usually granted in either of the universities, or any other college in our realm of Great Britain."

Contrast this with Europe, where only universities could grant degrees. The leaders of Harvard College (which granted America's first degrees in 1642) might have thought of their college as the first of many residential colleges which would grow up into a New Cambridge university. However, over time, few new colleges were founded there, and Harvard grew and added higher faculties. Eventually, it changed its title to university, but the term "college" had stuck and "colleges" have arisen across the United States.

Exercises for control

31. Match the words and expressions meaning the same:

to allow vocational school

a last-year student auditorium

a school where one can get a profession to permit

a place where lectures are given a profession

an occupation undergraduate

a place for meetings and concerts laboratory

to make up one’s mind an assembly hall

a room used for experiments to make a decision

32. Form derivatives to the words given below: engineer; a graduate; a response; success; value; possible; to satisfy; to equip; to occupy; to decide; to employ; to observe; to explore.

33. Choose the right word:

1. He got interested in computing when he was in (college; park). 2. Do you know that he is an Oxford (advancement; graduate)? 3. She started her (equipment; career) as an English teacher. 4. The course is designed to (equip; switch on) students for a career in radio-engineering. 5. Her job demands a high (degree; opportunity) of skills. 6. I did it on my (responsibility; college). 7. She has a (degree; dean) in Biochemistry from London University. 8. He was a radio engineer by (assembly hall; profession). 9. A new technology was (applied; founded) to telecommunication. 10. There are good opportunities for (values; advancement) if you have the right skills. 11. Mike is (valuable; responsible) for designing the entire project. 12. These ideas will be (proud; explored) in more detail during your laboratory work. 13. He has carried out extensive (education; research) into renewable energy sources. 14. Please state your name, age and (dream; occupation) below. 15. She feels a strong sense of (opportunity; responsibility) towards her employees. 16. The (equipment; decision) of our (laboratory; curriculum) is very expensive.

34. Translate from English:

1. The career you choose is likely to affect many aspects of your life. 2. While choosing a job many factors should be taken into consideration: wages and salaries, job satisfaction, opportunities to travel and to see much, etc. 3. Perhaps, the best way to prepare for any job is to get a good education. 4. College is a term most often used today to denote an educational institution. 5. In the United States the term “college” is referred to schools which offer a vocational, business, engineering, or technical curriculum. 6. In our country a "college" is an institution between secondary school and university. 7. In our days there is a considerable demand for professions in the field of telecommunication because communication has become one of the most technological and important industries applied in every aspect of social life. 8. I’m very proud of being a student of the Higher State College of Communication. 9. The system of education in our college provides for both secondary special and higher education. 10. College graduates can continue their education in one of the universities. 11. Our college is patronized by the Ministry of Communication and supplied with all modern equipment and fresh information. 12. The opportunities of carrying out experiments using the latest equipment and making observations help the students to acquire valuable scientific knowledge and explore new ideas. 13. The founders of the first institutions of higher education in the United States were graduates of the University of Oxford and the University of Cambridge. 14. The doctorate is the highest academic degree.

35. Translate into English:

1. В современном мире молодые люди, выбирая профессию, имеют широкие возможности. 2. Однако, не делает принятие решения лёгким. 3. Я думаю, что мои способности находятся в области радиотехники. 4. Будучи школьником, я заинтересовался новейшими технологиями телекоммуникации. 5. После окончания школы я поступил в Высший государственный колледж связи. 6. Мои личные интересы и способности, советы моих родителей повлияли на мой выбор. 7. В колледже мы изучаем как общие предметы, так и специальные. 8. Такие предметы, как философия, экономика, социология помогают определить свое место и место своей профессии в современном мире. 9. Специальные предметы, такие как «Теория электросвязи», «теория электрических цепей», «Электронные приборы», «Функциональные устройства телекоммуникации», «Цифровые и микропроцессорные устройства», необходимы для приобретения широких знаний и профессиональных навыков. 10. Каждый семестр состоит из лекций, семинарских занятий, лабораторных работ, учебно-производственной практики и экзаменов. 11. Хотя я не много знаю о своей будущей профессии, я считаю свой выбор хорошим. 12. Я планирую продолжить образование в одном из университетов. 13. Мне бы хотелось сделать научную карьеру в области систем телекоммуникации. 14. Я уверен, что сделаю все возможное для того, чтобы достигнуть успеха.

36. Make up a situation using the following words: variety, responsibility, successful, to take a decision, scientific research, to explore, equipment.

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