Language focus. II. Match the meanings of these terms with their definition: 1

II. Match the meanings of these terms with their definition:

1. downstream 2.design 3. сounterbalance 4. tunnel 5. framework 6. upstream 7. to rotate 8. lane 9. tunnel 10 swing bridge 11. congestion

a. in the direction contrary to the flow of a stream b. in the direction in which a stream etc. flows. c. an underground passage dug through a hill or under a road, river. d. a preliminary plan or sketch for making something e. weight or influence balancing another f. essential supporting structure g. abnormal accumulation or obstruction of traffic h. to move round an axis or centre, revolve i. A movable deck bridge which opens by rotating horizontally on an axis j. division of a road for a stream of traffic k. An underground passage for vehicles or pedestrians, especially one which is created by digging into earth. Occasionally, tunnel structures are built in an excavated area then covered over.

III. Fill in the correct prepositions:

to find a solution … the river crossing problem, to be assembled … site and floated … place, the central span … 200 feet … the towers, the structure carries … excess … 27,000 vehicles … a day, to propose a design … a bascule bridge 244 m … length … two towers each 65 m … high, to be raised … an angle …86 degrees

IV. Say in other words:

Tower Bridge was built because of the demand for access across the Thames. A tunnel under the Thames could only carry pedestrian traffic. Although each leave of the bridge weighs quite much, they are counterbalanced to limit the force and time necessary to raise them. Two heavy piers were put into the river bed to support the structure. Victorian gothic style makes the bridge a distinguishing landmark.

V. Reconstruct the following texts and title them:

1. London … (noun) is a bridge …(adverb) the River … (proper noun) in London, connecting the …(adjective) centre of the city to the district of Southwark. … (preposition) 1750 it was the only bridge … (participle 1) the Thames in London. The present bridge, … (participle 11) in 1973, replaced one that was sold to a US businessman and rebuilt in Arizona.

2. … (noun) bridge is a bridge across the … (noun) Thames and is one of the most … (adjective) structures in London. It was … (participle 11) between 1886 and 1894 and is close to London … (noun) and the Tower of London. Its towers are in … (adjective) style and the part of the bridge with the road on … (pronoun) can be … (participle 11) to allow ships to pass through.

VI. Have you ever seen the bridges described in the photos?

VII. How are the following names and things connected to Tower Bridge? Say some words about each of them.

· A Special Bridge or Subway Committee

· the Tower of London

· Horace Jones

· Wolfe-Barry

· the Prince of Wales

· Cornish granite and Portland Stone

· A “Behind the Scene” tour

Imagine you are Horace Jones, the City Architect. You have to convince A Special Bridge or Subway Committee to approve your design. Describe the design you’ve submitted keeping in mind the following points:

Location of the Bridge Time of construction

Type of the Bridge Materials to be used

Characteristics of the Bridge Costs (including labour force)

Style of the Bridge Its being necessary to the city

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