II. Answer the questions.

1. What are dead and live loads?

2. What must be taken into consideration designing a bridge?

3. Why is the maximum conceivable load different for shot and long spans?

4. How do the loads differ on short and long spans?

5. What are shorter spans built with?

6. What questions arise as spans get longer?

7. What loads does the wind load?

8. What is static wind load?

9. What is does dynamic wind load cause?

10. What can happen if a deck is thin and not properly shaped?

11. What is done to reduce stresses caused by temperature movement?

12. Why do structures with light dead weight withstand earthquakes better?

LANGUAGE FOCUS

III. Match the meaning of the terms with their definitions.

Live load, dead load, load

1. The weight or force supported by a structure or any part of it.

2. The load that a bridge must support in addition to its own weight.

3. A permanent and fixed load, such as the weight of a bridge or building.

IV. Match the words with their synonyms.

1. carry a. evaluate

2. resist b. perilous

3. estimate c. withstand

4. conceivable d. project

5. unreasonable e. thinkable

6. evolve f. develop

7. dangerous g. bear

8. design h. imprudent

V. Match the words with their opposites.

1. permanent a. minimum

2. finally b. unessential

3. heavy c. thick

4. maximum d. temporary

5. important e. loop

6. vertical f. light

7. thin g. at first

8. hinge. h. horizontal

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