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1) What is the main idea of the text? ……………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………….
2) Where do negotiations take place?
………………………………………………………………………….
3) Who takes part in the negotiation?
………………………………………………………………………..
4) What is the subject of the negotiation?
…………………………………………………………………………
5) Why did the negotiation break down last year?
…………………………………………………………………………
6) What is meant by ‘deadlock?
………………………………………………………………………..
7) What does the word ‘stalemate’ mean?
………………………………………………………………………
8) What was the result of the negotiation?
……………………………………………………………………….
9) What did the baseball players do?
…………………………………………………………………………
10)How did the two sides decide to solve the conflict?
…………………………………………………………………………
11)What is the role of a mediator?
………………………………………………………………………….
12) What did the mediator look like?
……………………………………………………………………………
13) What did the mediator recommend?
…………………………………………………………………………….
14) Were his recommendations successful?
…………………………………………………………………………….
15) What is the Russian equivalent to the English word ‘arbitrator?
……………………………………………………………………………
16) How was the dispute settled?
……………………………………………………………………………
Baseball Strike in Baseland
Every year in Baseland there are negotiations between the baseball players’ union and the baseball team owners about pay and conditions for the coming session. Last year, after months of negotiations: there was deadlock: the negotiations broke down. Some commentators said there was stalemate; an impasse: a situation where no progress could be made. There were irreconcilable differences between the two sides and it was impossible to reach an agreement. The baseball players went on strike.
The two sides agreed to bring in a mediator, someone from outside to help restart the negotiations and bring the two sides closer together in a process of mediation. The person they chose was a respected retired politician. He recommended a cooling-off period where each side would take no action. The players ended the strike for the time being.
Another month passed, and still there was no progress. The two sides agreed to accept an agreement imposed by an arbitrator. A judge was chosen. She looked at the claims of each side and imposed a settlement or resolution t o the dispute, fixing the salaries and the working conditions of the players. In this case, arbitration had settled the dispute.
Exercise 1. Look at the words from the text in bold type and mark if these statements are true or false.
1.Someone who helps two sides to reach an agreement is an arbitrator. ___
2. If two sides in a dispute use arbitration, no outsiders are involved. ___
3. It’s not usual for mediators to impose agreements. ___
4. If you’re in an impasse, you think that progress is possible. ___
5. If negotiations break down, they stop. ___
6. Irreconcilable differences are not important. ___
7. If two sides agree on a cooling-off period of one week, negotiations ___
continue the next day.
Exercise 2. Write a summary of the text above in the Russian language.
A summary is a short account of something that gives only the
most important information and not all the details.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………....
PART IV. TEST
1.What difficulties do you run into in spite of all your efforts to plan the
negotiations?
a) difficult situations and difficult people
b) lack of money
c) mistakes in planning negotiations
2. What people can be called ‘difficult’?
a) people with different points of view
b) people with difficult behavior
c) people who never listen to other people
3. Complete the sentence.
‘Solution-centered behavior means …….
a) questioning the other person about how he or she understands the
problems.
b) finding an answer through consulting about facts and reflecting
about feelings.
c) telling the other person about serious problems arisen over agreement
4.What is meant by ‘problem-centered behaviour’?
a) it means questioning the other person how she or he understands the
problem
b)it means planning the situations beforehand
c) it means focusing on finding an answer through consulting and reflecting
5. What is the best way of negotiating with powerful people?
a) threaten them
b) give them all they want and need
c) have a good alternative plan in case you can’t get them to agree.
6. What is the best approach in dealing with people from different cultures?
a) it’s up to you to adapt to other people
b) it’s not your matter to adapt to other people
c) be always neutral
7.What is meant by ‘confrontation’?
a) a situation in which people or groups are arguing angrily
b) a situation in which people do their best to reach an agreement
c) a discussion of agreements between two sides in negotiations
8. What is the root cause for conflicts between two parties?
a) both sides are eager to reach a compromise
b) both sides want to have their own way
c) both sides have much in common
9. In a conflict situation, there is more than one possible outcome. Which is the
best solution?
a) One person wins, while the other loses.
b) Both sides pretending there is no problem
c) Each person understanding that the final solution has to take account of both parties’ wishes
10. Advance preparation is essential when giving feedback to a difficult person.
Which of the following may prove helpless?
a) Having an aggressive position from the beginning so that the listener knows you mean what you say.
b) Being prepared for confrontation so you can handle the reactions
c) Trying to determine why the person is behaving in such a way.
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| VI. Translate the sentences below into the Russian language. | | | I. Give the Russian equivalent to the following words and word combinations. |