Key Points to Consider

An argument can be based on the qualities of the text in question. Thought must be given to the kinds of readers or audiences to whom the writing might be addressed by the creator of the set text.

A critical essay must examine the text, question it, and evaluate it. The student must state what kind of text it is, and whether it achieves the aims of its creator. That is, does it entertain, does it educate, does it instruct, does it inform?

A suitable combination of main and secondary points must be used in the three or more body paragraphs.

Rhetorical questions must not be used, since they are a weak and predictable way to form an argument.

The most common techniques are to appeal to emotion, to evidence, and facts supported by citation.

A critical essay does not merely accept the decisions and opinions of others, however. It must question everything, analyze, and propose apposite alternative views, options and attitudes.

DOs and DON’Ts

DOs   Do seek more than one fact or piece of information, supported by a reference, for each argument made in a critical essay. Use quotes when the exact words of the author are used. Do describe the set text accurately to demonstrate you have read it in depth. Do make it a point to understand that a critical essay is not one long stream of negative criticism. Do use philosophical notions such as logic, deduction and inference to support your points. Do use opposing arguments and approach a view from both poles. Do paraphrase accurately and effectively when interpreting references from books and journals. Do invite opposition to your argument, and state your knowledge of differing opinions on the given text.

DON’Ts   Don’t make categorical statements without the support of referenced facts and quotes. Don’t lose track of your argument. Don’t introduce new material in the concluding paragraph. All concepts and ideas must be elaborated upon in the body paragraphs. Don’t actively or negatively criticize the set text in a subjective manner. Although your opinion will be obvious from the way you form your argument, writing contentious material is not the scope of a critical essay. Don’t use colloquialisms, popular rhetoric, magazine-style prose or commonplace examples. Keep the argument scholarly at all times. Don’t neglect quality of writing and quality of thought. A good argument couched in poor language, or a poor argument phrased in excellent style, will not disguise lack of preparation.

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