The fibroblasts are the principal and most common cells in connective tissue.
Fibroblasts are responsible for the synthesis of collagenous, elastic and reticular fibers and the complex carbohydrates of the ground substance.
The fibroblasts have two stages of activity:
-active and
- quiescent
The quiescent cell is fibrocyte.
The active cell is fibroblast.
The active cell (fibroblast) has an abundant and irregularly branched cytoplasm. The cytoplasm contains rough endoplasmic reticulum, which synthesis procolagen and elastin, and Golgi complex, which synthesis GAG (glycosaminoglycan) of the intercellular ground substance.
The fibrocyte has an acidophilic cytoplasm with a small amount of rough endoplasmic reticulum.
Where active production of extracellular matrix material is in progress during active growth or in wound, the cytoplasm of the fibroblast is more extensive and displays a slight basophilia as a result of increased amounts of rough endoplasmic reticulum associated with protein synthesis. The myofibroblast displays properties of both fibroblast and smooth muscle cell. These cells have the morphologic characteristics of fibroblasts but contain increased amounts of actin microfilaments and myosin. Their activity is responsible for wound clossure after tissue injury, a process called wound contraction.
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