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In the mid-1970s, scientists developed a method of putting thousands of integrated circuits on one tiny silicon chip. The chip itself is so small that it can fit through the eye of a needle. It is difficult to imagine so many circuits on such a tiny surface. It takes many delicate instruments and special scientific techniques to create this "miracle" chip, called an integrated circuit chip.
Integrated circuit chips, or ICCs, are smaller and less expensive than the integrated circuits used in third-generation computers. So, the fourth-generation of computers are even smaller and less expensive than the third-generation computers. Computers built with these chips can perform over 10 million calculations in one second. They are 10 times faster than third-generation computers. (That's 1000 times faster than second-generation computers and 10,000 times faster than first-generation computers!)
As you can see, each generation of computers used a new invention to conduct the electricity through the computer. As the new electrical devices got smaller, the computers got smaller. They became more powerful than the earlier, large computers. They also became less expensive, which enabled small companies, schools, and people to buy their own computers.
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