V. Прочтите и письменно переведите текст. The Law and the Church are powerfully connected with the His­tory of Britaine

The Law

The Law and the Church are powerfully connected with the His­tory of Britaine. Both judges and bishops sit in the House of Lords, and are honored with ancient titles. Both reached the top of fame in Victorian times. Both have been intensely conservative and resistant to change - as their votes in the House of Lords showed.

The Victorian prestige of the law is expressed in the Royal Courts of Justice, built in 1880 when the legal profession was at its height. A broad doorway leads into a medieval hall. Ordinary dark-suited men carrying blue or red bags walk into a room by the entrance, and appear a few minutes later proudly wearing horse-hair or nylon wigs and flowing grows. There is a

custom in many countries requiring judges, prosecu­tors and lawyers to wear gowns and even wigs.

The conservatism of English lawyers is reinforced by their strict division into solicitors and barristers - found only in New Zealand, South Africa, New South Wales and Great Britain. Only solicitors are allowed to deal directly with the public. Solicitors are qualified lawyers, acting as advocates in the court. They can also act as general legal advisers.

There are approximately 60,000 solicitors in practice and their offices with the name-plates of firms of solicitors are an everyday sight in cities and towns in England and Wales. Solicitors can have one-man practice or they may have several solicitors in partnership. This gives them the opportunity to specialise to some extent, in a definite branch of law so that one partner may spend all his time on coneyancing, an­other is able to deal with litigation, another can deal with probate and trust and so on. In some of the lager London firms there are more than 20 partners and this means that each really specialise in a branch of law which he is interested in.

Most barristers are professional advocates presenting civil and criminal cases in courts. In practice they may also have a great deal of paper work in the pretrial stages of a case. But barristers are not allowed to from partnerships.

Notes:

conveyancing - составление актов передачи прав собствен­ности на недвижимость.

litigation - гражданский судебный спор.

probate and trust - доказывание действительности завещания и учреждение доверительной собственности.

VI. Прочтите 4-й и 5-й абзацы текста и данный вопрос к ним. Из приведенных вариантов ответа укажите номер пред­ложения, содержащего правильный ответ на поставленный вопрос.

What opportunity does partnership give to solicitors?

1.... to do a great deal of paper work in the pretrial stage of a case.

2.... to specialise to some extent in a definite branch of law.

3.... to act as professional advocates in court.

Вариант 2

L Перепишите предложения, подчеркните Participle I, II: установите функции каждого из них, т.е. укажите, будет ли оно определением, обстоятельством или составной частью глагола-сказуемого. Предложения переведите.

1. In Scotland the verdict is passed by a simple majority.

2. While passing sentences for crimes committed the court not only punishes the criminals but also reeducates them.

3. Practicing solicitors are undertaking legal business for non­professional clients.

4. Judges are legally educated lawyers.

5. The court has already invited all the witnesses.

II. Письменно переведите предложения, определите в каж­дом из них видовремеиную форму и залог глагола-сказуемого.

1. While serving the sentences for the crimes committed the criminals are not only punished by the court but also reeducated.

2. A big role in the protection of public order in our state is being played by Militia.

3. The list of penalties has been enlarged as compared with the Fundamentals by including certain measures of public censure.

4. Everybody must know that if a person is guilty of a crime he will be punished.

III. Письменно переведите предложения, обращая вни­мание на перевод инфинитива и герундия.

1. Justice, its means, forms and methods are aimed at preventing all crimes.

2. If an offender wants to return to an honest life of labour he will have every opportunity to do so.

3. A public trial helps not only to pass a just sentence but helps the court to carry out its educational functions.

4. To prevent and to solve crimes is the main task of the Militia.

5. The work of the Militia is aimed at preventing all crimes.

IV.Письменно переведите предложения, обращая внима­ние на правила согласования времен.

1. The participant of the conference pointed out that scientific work was being conducted on the basis of cooperation of the people of science and labour.

2. I didn't know your friend had been appointed judge.

3. We were told that the court would hear that case next week.

4. I was asked if a person was criminally responsible at the age of 16.

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