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1) Collective behaviour involves action that often:
a. is unplanned
b. involves a large number of people.
c. is controversial.
d. All of the above are correct.
Answer: d
Page Reference: 588
Skill: Conceptual
2) Collective behaviour is difficult to study because:
a. it involves only one particular kind of behaviour.
b. it is often transitory—that is, it is brief and passing.
c. it is always violent
d. people object to being watched
Answer: b
Page Reference: 588
Skill: Conceptual
3) Read the list below. All but one is a type of collective behaviour. Which one is not a form of collective behaviour?
a. a fad
b. mass hysteria
c. a deviant subculture
d. public opinion
Answer: c
Page Reference: 588
Skill: Conceptual
4) A collectivity involves a large number of people:
a. with minimal interaction and few well-defined norms.
b. who know each other well.
c. who interact in a formal setting such as a college classroom.
d. who are members of a well-defined social group
Answer: a
Page Reference: 589
Skill: Conceptual
5) Which of the following is an example of a local collectivity?
a. family members quietly reading in their living room
b. excited soccer fans throwing bottles as they leave a stadium
c. two people holding hands as they walk through the woods
d. All of the above are correct.
Answer: b
Page Reference: 589
Skill: Applied
6) Which of the following is a good example of a crowd?
a. many people walking on a city street who stop to observe an auto accident
b. many people who are graduates of the same college
c. a few people who gather at a city park every Saturday to play tennis
d. a few people who live in the same college dorm
Answer: a
Page Reference: 589
Skill: Applied
7) The text presents several types of crowds. Read the list below and indicate which is NOT one of the types of crowds discussed in the text.
a. casual crowd
b. acting crowd
c. lasting crowd
d. conventional crowd
Answer: c
Page Reference: 590
Skill: Conceptual
8) A New Year’s Eve celebration in a public nightclub is an example of which kind of crowd?
a. protest crowd
b. conventional crowd
c. expressive crowd
d. casual crowd
Answer: c
Page Reference: 590
Skill: Applied
9) Because of their intense emotion, mobs:
a. can be violent and destructive
b. tend to last a long time.
c. include people who get to know one another.
d. All of the above are correct.
Answer: a
Page Reference: 590
Skill: Conceptual
10) A riot differs from a mob in that the riot:
a. is not usually violent.
b. typically has little focus or clear goal.
c. involves fewer people.
d. is not as common in Canadian history.
Answer: b
Page Reference: 590
Skill: Conceptual
11) A highly emotional crowd that pursues a violent or destructive goal is a:
a. riot
b. acting crowd
c. fad
d. mob
Answer: d
Page Reference: 590
Skill: Conceptual
12) Almost all of the 100 known lynchings of women involved:
a. Asian women
b. Mexican women
c. White women
d. Black women
Answer: d
Page Reference: 590
Skill: Factual
13) Ordinary people can gain __________ by acting collectively.
a. wealth
b. power
c. absolutely nothing
d. fame
Answer: b
Page Reference: 591
Skill: Conceptual
14) According to contagion theory, crowds have a ______________ effect on their members.
a. calming
b. hypnotic
c. enraging
d. emotional
Answer: b
Page Reference: 591
Skill: Conceptual
15) Contagion theory states that people in crowds:
a. make their own rules as they go along.
b. carry a plan for their behavior into the crowd
c. behave in surprisingly "normal' ways.
d. are taken over by the spreading emotions of the crowd.
Answer: d
Page Reference: 591
Skill: Conceptual
16) Convergence theory states that people in crowds:
a. make their own rules as they go along.
b. carry a plan for their behavior into the crowd.
c. behave in surprisingly "normal" ways.
d. are taken over by the contagious emotions of the crowd.
Answer: b
Page Reference: 592
Skill: Conceptual
17) Emergent-norm theory states that people in crowds:
a. make their own rules as they go along.
b. carry a plan for their behavior into the crowd
c. behave in surprisingly "normal" ways.
d. are taken over by the contagious emotions of the crowd.
Answer: a
Page Reference: 592
Skill: Conceptual
18) Mass behavior is defined as collective behavior:
a. in the form of a riot or a mob.
b. involving people in a crowd.
c. among people spread over a wide geographic area.
d. involving powerful emotions.
Answer: c
Page Reference: 592
Skill: Conceptual
19) Which of the following is an example of mass behavior?
a. a riot
b. rumour
c. a mob
d. a crowd
Answer: b
Page Reference: 592
Skill: Applied
20) The concept "gossip" refers to:
a. statements that are untrue.
b. beliefs that are widespread.
c. rumors about people’s personal affairs.
d. widespread attitudes about controversial issues.
Answer: c
Page Reference: 593
Skill: Conceptual
21) "Widespread attitudes about controversial issues" is the definition of which of the following concepts?
a. public opinion
b. gossip
c. rumor
d. propaganda
Answer: a
Page Reference: 593
Skill: Conceptual
22) Which of the following concepts refers to efforts to shape the public’s attitudes on some issue?
a. fashion
b. gossip
c. mass behavior
d. propaganda
Answer: d
Page Reference: 594
Skill: Conceptual
23) Sociologists say that people in preindustrial societies typically conform to a "style." By contrast, they point out that members of modern societies conform to _____.
a. nothing at all
b. the same styles as in the past
c. fashion and fads
d. None of the above is correct.
Answer: c
Page Reference: 594
Skill: Conceptual
24) Hula hoops, streaking, and Pokemon cards are all example
a. fads.
b. fashion.
c. style.
d. social movements.
Answer: a
Page Reference: 595
Skill: Conceptual
25) Fashion differs from a fad in that fashion:
a. is shorter lived.
b. is less conventional.
c. reflects established cultural values.
d. All of the above are correct.
Answer: c
Page Reference: 595
Skill: Factual
26) Thorstein Veblen used the concept "conspicuous consumption" to refer to which of the following?
a. doing things in public instead of in private
b. consuming expensive things to show off one’s wealth
c. boycotting certain products as a form of protest
d. trying to look more socially disadvantaged than you really are
Answer: b
Page Reference: 594
Skill: Conceptual
27) The fears about the possibility of a meteor hitting the earth could easily give rise to which of the following?
a. a conventional crowd
b. a moral panic
c. a protest crowd
d. All of the above are correct.
Answer: b
Page Reference: 595
Skill: Conceptual
28) "Mass hysteria" is another name for:
a. acting crowd.
b. casual crowd.
c. moral panic.
d. fashion.
Answer: c
Page Reference: 595
Skill: Conceptual
29) As the "Paul is Dead" story in the box illustrates, rumour thrives in a climate of:
a. uncertainty.
b. relative deprivation.
c. officials taking decisive action.
d. All of the above are correct.
Answer: a
Page Reference: 593
Skill: Conceptual
30) The enormous oil spill by the tanker Exxon Valdez in 1989 is an example of which of the following types of disasters?
a. natural disaster
b. technological disaster
c. intentional disaster
d. All of the above are correct.
Answer: b
Page Reference: 595
Skill: Conceptual
31) Hurricane Katrina, that devastated the Gulf Coast in 2005, is best thought of as an example of which of the following types of disasters?
a. natural disaster
b. technological disaster
c. intentional disaster
d. All of the above are correct.
Answer: a
Page Reference: 596
Skill: Conceptual
32) The genocide that took place in the Darfur region of Sudan is an example of which of the following types of disasters?
a. technological disaster
b. natural disaster
c. intentional disaster
d. All of the above are correct.
Answer: c
Page Reference: 596
Skill: Conceptual
33) Kai Erikson explains that disasters harm people in a way the public often fails to realize by:
a. destroying property.
b. killing people.
c. breaking down people's communities.
d. None of the above is correct.
Answer: c
Page Reference: 596
Skill: Factual
34) The atomic tests near to Utrik Island in 1954 was a disaster for the 159 people who lived there. Kai Erikson explains that this disaster:
a. brought the people together in a good way.
b. never really had an ending.
c. was completely fixed by the U.S. government within a few days.
d. showed how it is possible to predict and prepare for disasters.
Answer: b
Page Reference: 596
Skill: Conceptual
35) Social movements are defined as:
a. unlawful activity in the form of rioting.
b. widely dispersed efforts to force people to conform.widely dispersed efforts to force people to conform.
c. any formal organization that used propaganda.
d. organized activity that encourages or discourages social change.
Answer: d
Page Reference: 597
Skill: Conceptual
36) In preindustrial societies, social movements:
a. were quite rare.
b. were typically about economic issues.
c. commonly took the form of rioting.
d. were more common than they are today.
Answer: a
Page Reference: 597
Skill: Factual
37) Today, social movements develop around any number of:
a. widely held beliefs.
b. controversial public issues.
c. national goals.
d. All of the above are correct.
Answer: b
Page Reference: 597
Skill: Factual
38) Of the various types of social movements, which are least threatening to the status quo?
a. alternative social movements
b. redemptive social movements
c. reformative social movements
d. revolutionary social movements
Answer: a
Page Reference: 597
Skill: Conceptual
39) Historically, there have been 3 major dynamic sources of social change in Canada. Which of the following is NOT one of these three?
a. race relations
b. class relations
c. the multicultural nature of our society
d. regional identity
Answer: a
Page Reference: 597
Skill: Conceptual
40) Which type of social movement seeks radical social change but only in some people?
a. alternative social movements
b. redemptive social movements
c. reformative social movements
d. revolutionary social movements
Answer: b
Page Reference: 597
Skill: Conceptual
41) Which type of social movement seeks radical change in all of society?
a. alternative social movements
b. redemptive social movements
c. reformative social movements
d. revolutionary social movements
Answer: d
Page Reference: 597
Skill: Conceptual
42) Alcoholics Anonymous, an organization that seeks to help alcoholics achieve a sober life, is one example of which type of social movement?
a. alternative social movements
b. redemptive social movements
c. reformative social movements
d. revolutionary social movements
Answer: b
Page Reference: 597
Skill: Applied
43) Efforts by activists to get the public to recognize the danger of AIDS in the early 1980s is a good example of what process related to social movements?
a. formalization
b. moral panic
c. claims making
d. structural strain
Answer: c
Page Reference: 598
Skill: Conceptual
44) Deprivation theory states that social movements arise among people who:
a. feel adrift in society.
b. have plenty of money and other resources.
c. feel they lack enough income, power, or human dignity.
d. mobilize around cultural symbols.
Answer: c
Page Reference: 598
Skill: Conceptual
45) The concept of relative deprivation is based on the idea that:
a. people evaluate themselves by making specific comparisons.
b. some people have more than others.
c. people always judge their situation in absolute terms.
d. getting more makes people feel better about themselves.
Answer: a
Page Reference: 598
Skill: Conceptual
46) Mass-society theory predicts that social movements will involve people who:
a. are socially isolated.
b. have sufficient resources to launch and sustain them.
c. feel they lack enough income, power, or human dignity.
d. mobilize around cultural symbols.
Answer: a
Page Reference: 599
Skill: Conceptual
47) Structural-strain theory claims that social movements:
a. have no single cause.
b. begin when there is widespread agreement that society has some serious problem.
c. often come together following some precipitating factor.
d. All of the above are correct.
Answer: d
Page Reference: 599-600
Skill: Conceptual
48) Neil Smelser developed __________ theory.
a. structural strain
b. mass society
c. resource mobilization
d. convergent norm
Answer: a
Page Reference: 599
Skill: Factual
49) Which of the following is NOT one of the six factors, in structural strain theory, that encourages the development of social movements?
a. lack of social control
b. structural strain
c. precipitating factors
d. structural exclusion
Answer: d
Page Reference: 599-600
Skill: Conceptual
50) Resource-mobilization theory states that social movements require:
a. a cultural symbol
b. money and other necessary resources.
c. a sense of relative deprivation.
d. high technology.
Answer: b
Page Reference: 600
Skill: Conceptual
51) Which theoretical approach states that social movements depend on rallying around symbols?
a. mass-society theory
b. deprivation theory
c. resource-mobilization theory
d. culture theory
Answer: d
Page Reference: 601
Skill: Conceptual
52) A strength of politicdal economy theory is its:
a. focus on the individuals involved in social movements.
b. focus on relative deprivation.
c. emphasis on weak social ties among individuals.
d. macro-level approach.
Answer: d
Page Reference: 601
Skill: Factual
53) The political economy approach to social movements is closely linked to which of the following social thinkers?
a. Max Weber
b. Neil Smelser
c. Karl Marx
d. Thorstein Veblen
Answer: c
Page Reference: 601
Skill: Factual
54) In what way do “new social movements” differ from those in the past?
a. They are more likely to be international.
b. They are likely to focus on social rather than economic issues.
c. They are likely to attract support from middle- and upper-middle-class people.
d. All of the above are correct.
Answer: d
Page Reference: 602
Skill: Factual
55) Which of the following is the best example of an issue that defines a “new social movement"?
a. poverty in the United States
b. global warming
c. the strength of labor unions
d. the conditions of immigrant farm workers in the Southwest
Answer: b
Page Reference: 602
Skill: Applied
56) Which of the following is a correct criticism of new social movements theory?
a. Economic issues are still involved in most such movements.
b. Few middle- and upper-middle-class people join social movements.
c. Few social movements are international in scope.
d. All of the above are correct.
Answer: a
Page Reference: 602
Skill: Factual
57) An example of the importance of gender in social movements is the fact that:
a. few women are interested in most public issues.
b. men have taken most leadership roles in social movements.
c. men tend to avoid participation in social movements.
d. women typically have taken leadership roles in U.S. social movements.
Answer: b
Page Reference: 602-603
Skill: Factual
58) One stage in the life of a social movement is called “coalescence.” This stage refers to which of the following?
a. the emergence of the movement
b. the movement defining itself and “going public”
c. developing a capable staff to keep the movement operating
d. the decline of the movement
Answer: b
Page Reference: 603
Skill: Factual
59) The stage of a social movement called “bureaucratization” refers to:
a. the emergence of the movement.
b. the movement defining itself and “going public.”
c. developing a capable staff to keep the movement operating.
d. the decline of the movement.
Answer: c
Page Reference: 603
Skill: Factual
60) What is the reason that social movements decline?
a. They have accomplished their purpose.
b. The suffer a loss of resources, including motivated members.
c. The existing power structure attracts leaders, who “sell out.”
d. All of the above are correct.
Answer: d
Page Reference: 603-604
Skill: Factual
61) Looking ahead, social movements are likely to:
a. make use of more computer technology, which makes them spread easily.
b. become global in scope.
c. involve minorities and other marginalized people, who will seek a greater political voice.
d. All of the above are correct.
Answer: d
Page Reference: 605
Skill: Factual
62) Which of the following is TRUE?
a. only 20% of Canadians believe that, financially, the lot of the average person is getting worse
b. 90% of Canadians have a great deal of faith in our federal and provincial leaders
c. a majority of Canadians do not trust politicians
d. 86% of Canadians feel stressed because life is beyond control
Answer: c
Page Reference: 604
Skill: Factual
63) C. Wright Mills noted that many of the problems we encounter as individuals are caused by:
a. the ignorance of the individual
b. the structure of society
c. social movements
d. the individual being too lazy to look for work or seek appropriate help, for example
Answer: b
Page Reference: 604
Skill: Conceptual
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