The Passive Voice (simple tenses)

1. Make the following sentences interrogative and negative:

Example: The Supreme Court is divided into two branches: the High Court and the Court of Appeal. — Is the Supreme Court divided into two branches: the High Court and the Court of Appeal? Tlie Supreme Court is not divided into two branches: the High Court and the Court of Appeal.

1. Ukraine's independence was declared in 1991. 2. The name Ukraine is connected with the word «Ukraine» which originally meant «borderland». 3. Ukraine is situated in south-eastern part of Central Europe. 4. The territory of Ukraine is mostly a plain, it is called stepp. 5. Main industrial enterprises are located in Kyiv, Kharkiv and Dnipropetrovsk. 6. The first task of the judge is to preside over the proceedings and see that order is maintained. 7. Admission to the academy is given to people who have successfully completed secondary education. 8. Kharkiv is noted for engineering expertise and machinery plants.

2. Make the sentences passive:

Example: The investigator left a suspect in the room. – A suspect was left in the room by the investigator.

1. The officers wrote the report in a terrible hurry. 2. We know Donetsk for mining and metallurgy. 3. They widely use Russian in Ukraine. 4. A popular vote approved Ukraine's declaration of independence. 5. They established a Communist Government in 1918. 6. The president received the delegation yesterday. 7. Everybody discussed the new law. 8. The policeman stopped the car, 9. The suspect demanded the victim's money.

3. Read the following text and put the words in brackets into the appropriate form using passives:

Criminal Law and Civil Law

One category is the criminal law — the law which deals with crime. A case (to call) a prosecution. The case (to institute) by the prosecutor, who takes over the case from the police who have already decided to charge the accused with specific crimes. The civil law is much more wide-ranging. The civil law includes the law of contract and family law (or intellectual property). In a civil case, the plaintiff (noaMBa¹!), normally a private individual or company, brings an action to win compensation. If the case (to prove), the defendant normally pays the plaintiff damages (money).

4. Choose the appropriate form of the verb (active or passive):

Example: In ancient societies revenge (based/ was based) on tribunal custom. — In ancient societies revenge was based on tribal custom.

1. A body of expert lawyers (is needed/ needed) to apply the law. 2. A case usually (presented/ is presented) by the prosecutor. 3. Common law (based/ is based) on the principle of deciding cases by reference to previous judicial decisions. 4. The world's largest manganese deposits (located/ are located) in south-central Ukraine. 5. The suspect (is described/ described) as a white male, medium height, slim, with a big, hooked nose. 6. In a minute he (disarmed/ was disarmed) and put into Mr. Wisdom's car. 7. Visa (will obtain/ will be obtained) tomorrow.

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