Приклади на порівняння синтаксичних функцій дієприкметників

Chapter 10. Participle. Gerund. Gerundial constructions.

Означення	Participle I	Participle II
The student writing this article is our monitor Студент, який пишецю статтю, наш староста	The article writtenby that student is very important. Стаття, написанацим студентом, дуже важлива.
Обставина	While translatingthe article he consulted the dictionary. У той час як він перекладав статтю, він користувався словником.	When writtenthe article was handed to the editor. Коли стаття була написана, вона була віддана редактору.
Складна частина простого дієслівного присудка	He is translatingthe article. Він зараз перекладає статтю. Hehas been translating the article since 12 o’clock. Він перекладаєстаттю з 12 години.	The article was translatedwithout a single mistake. Стаття була перекладена без жодної помилки. We have translated the article. Ми переклали статтю.

Дієприкметник (the participle) є неособовою формою дієслова, у якій поєднуються ознаки прикметника або прислівника з ознаками дієслова. В англійській мові вживаються participle I (present participle) і participle II (past participle). Participle I і II, як і прикметники, визначають ознаку предмета. На відміну від прикметника, ознака, що визначається дієприкметниками, указує на дію або стан предмета (a moving body), а не на його якість (a small body).

1 Translate these sentences, paying attention to the participles:

1 As the buildup of the inner coronary artery walls becomes hard and thick, it is more difficult for the blood to move through the narrowed vessels. 2 Breast cancer etiology includes demographic characteristics such as social class and ethnicity, family history of disease, reproductive history, smoking, diet and obesity, previous breast disease, and exposure to a range of potential carcinogens including estrogens and ionizing radiation. 3 Studies of breast cancer in Japanese women and their descendants who migrate to Hawaii and continental United States indicate that the risk factor of breast cancer increases as the population migrates, giving further evidence to the concept that environmental and cultural factors may contribute to the international variations observed. 4 Prostate cancers are classified or based on their aggressiveness and how different they are from the surrounding prostate tissue. 5 Patients with slowly developing anemias will often be completely compensated and have few if any symptoms. 6 An individual with a fever should be kept comfortable and not overdressed. 7 Etymologically, “mycobacterium” is derived from the Greek words “myces” for fungus and “bacterium” meaning small rod. 8 Patients with rapidly developing anemias (i.e., from bleeding, hemolysis) may be presented with hypotension, tachycardia, weakness, and fatigue. 9 The new drugs being developed represent the next generation of medicine. 10 Nowadays heart disease is the leading cause of death: a heart attack is caused by the heart being deprived of oxygen because of a blockage. 11 The organism is a historically formed, integral, continuously changing system with a specific structure and developmental pattern. 12 The adverse effect of smoking may occur in every trimester of pregnancy; they range from spontaneous abortions in the first trimester to increased premature delivery rates and decreased birth weight in the final trimester. 13 Nicotine, recognized as one of the most frequently used addictive drugs, is a naturally occurring colorless liquid that turns brown when burned and acquired the odor of tobacco when exposed to air. 14 What people frequently do not realize is that the cigarette is a very efficient highly engineered drug-delivery system.

Герундій є неозначеною формою дієслова. Він має граматичні особливості як дієслова, так і іменника, і завжди виражає дію як процес, що розвивається.

Дата добавления: 2015-11-16