Business documents

1. The Invoice (счет-фактура, счет) provides information about goods exchanged between the exporter and the importer. It's prepared by the exporter and includes the following information: a description of the goods, their price and the quality supplied. It informs the buyer that the goods have been sent.

2. The Bill of Lading (коносамент) is a transfer document. The exporter writes the importer's name on the bill of lading and in this way the importer becomes the legal owner of the goods.

3. Letter of authorization/ letter of authority - a document that gives or proves official power in business situations (доверенность - документ, предоставляющий или подтверждающий официальные полномочия кого-либо в хозяйственных делах)

4. Letter of attorney/ power of attorney - a legal document giving one pterson the right to act for another (доверенность - юридический документ, фиксирующий полномочия представителя совершать правомерные действия от имени другого лица)

5. Contract - a formal written agreement between 2 or more parties; an agreement to deliver a type of goods or material at a particular price and time in the future.

There are different kinds of contract (the main ones):

1. Employment contracts - a legally binding agreement of employer and employee, stating responsibilities and obligations of both parties (контракт о работе по найму)

2. Service contract - an agreement between a company and a customer in which the company agrees to repair equipment the customer has bought or rented from it; or an agreement between a company and a customer stating what product or service the company will provide and any arrangements for delivery, payment, etc.

3. Turn-key contract - a contract for a building project in which the company doing the work must finish the work and leave the building, factory ready to operate.

4. Hire purchase contract - an agreement to buy something by making payments over a period of time.

Americans prefer explicit contracts: the document details all the arrangements made. Japanese prefer implicit contracts: they present the most general outline of the contractual obligations. Each contract should have a list of the important items:

1. Description (a clear one)

2. Price (agreed upon in advance)

3. Specifications (particularly those relating to standards, health, safety, agriculture and defence)

4. Payment (method of paying and the due date)

5. Packing (must conform to international standards)

6. Transportation

7. Delivery (the date and quantity)

8. Insurance (decide in advance whose responsibility it is)

Дата добавления: 2015-11-16