Exercise 4. Look through the text paragraph by paragraph and

(§1) explain why the writer compares visual perception to color photography

say how the write calls the photographic analogy

(§2) seeif you can tell how many discs were rotating, what was the speed of rotation and what color was each of them

(§3) find facts to prove that the man did better than the camera

explain what helped him receive a more accurate record of the external world than could the camera

(§4) say whether the leaf was greener than the donkey and why

(§5) find out whether hungry and thirsty people managed to equalize the brightness of pictures relating to food and drink.

Words to be remembered:

adjust v. – регулировать, устанавливать

appearance n. – внешний вид

constancy n. – постоянство, неизменность

compatible adj. – совместимый, сочетаемый

external adj. – внешний

identical adj. – сходный, идентичный

intensity n. – насыщенность

lack v. – не иметь, испытывать недостаток

misleading adj. – вводящий в заблуждение, неправильный

match v. – приводить в соответствие, подбирать

obvious adj. – очевидный, вполне понятный

perceive v. – воспринимать, осознавать

percept n. – объект/результат перцепции

perceptual adj. – перцептивный

perception n. – восприятие

percipient n. – воспринимающий, способный воспринимать

resemble v. – иметь сходство, напоминать внешне

ratio n. – соотношение, пропорция

reasonable adj. – разумный, обоснованный

record v., n. – снимать, фиксировать, делать запись

similar adj. – похожий, подобный

sample n. – образец, образчик

satiated adj. – удовлетворенный, сытый

uniformly adv. – однородно

visual adj. – зрительный

versatility n. – универсальность, гибкость

Exercise 5. Give Russian equivalents of the following.

It is obvious that; it’s often helpful to consider; to appear uniformly gray; the ratio of black and white; to adjust the ratio; one might say that he did better than the camera; the situation is manifestly more complex than this; wholly unconscious piece of computation; to make a perceptible world compatible with one’s own experience; it hardly needs saying that; unlike a photograph; to see pictures relating to food as brighter than the rest; objects unrelated to hunger or thirst.

Exercise 6. Find English equivalents in the text.

Рассмотреть некоторые небиологические процессы; в случае зрительного восприятия; во многих отношениях; разумно (логично) предположить, что; в лучшем случае можно сказать, что аналогия; в его восприятии нет ничего, напоминающего фотографию; быть внешне совершенно разными; их критерии были разными (отличались друг от друга); можно сказать, что; постоянство восприятия; едва ли нужно говорить, что; удовлетворить потребности; расширить (обогатить) личный опыт; в отличие от фотографий.

Exercise 7. The text contains some nouns of Greek and Latin origin. Pick them out and learn their plural form. What other similar words do you know? Classify them according to your own criteria (minimum 9-10 words).

Exercise 8. Fit the meaning and the word.

1). Put in order or agreement 2). Pull, twist out of the usual shape 3). Preserve for use by writing or in other ways (by means of photographs, gramophone discs, etc.) 4). Be similar to 5). The quality of having many different functions or uses 6). Part of a whole taken to show what the rest is like 7). Be without, have less than enough of 8). Image of (representation of) the sensory data

distort resemble lack   adjust percept record v., n. versatility sample

Exercise 9. Match the words with the opposite meaning (1+2).

a) intense, static, obvious, similar, external, stable, resemble, hungry, ambiguous, different, internal, dynamic, differ, dim, reversible, satiated.

b) sense, conscious, related, compatible, fortunate, aware, ambiguous, proper, continuous, rational, similar, adequacy, lead v., interpret, reasonable, unreasonable, unambiguous, discontinuous, improper, dissimilar, inadequacy, unrelated, incompatible, unaware, misinterpret, unfortunate, mislead, unconscious, irrational, nonsense.

Sum up the prefixes giving the opposite meaning.

Exercise 10. Match the words with a similar meaning (1+2).

a) obvious, rapid, plain, match v., similar, shade, fit n., view n., compatible.

b) shadow, alike, vision, apparent, adjust, fast, simple, convulsion, identical, fit v., sight, harmonious, quick, tint, easy, consistent, evident, seizure.

Exercise 11. Form adverbs from the following adjectives adding the suffix -ly and translate both, then rearrange them in alphabetical order.

Extreme, apparent, unfortunate, spontaneous, uniform, whole, remarkable, evident, manifest, odd, similar, obvious, dramatic, conventional, eventual, accidental, occasional.

Exercise 12. Fill in the table of derivatives with the words from the text.

verb	noun	adjective
visualize   appear   perceive     relate	equality     identity     1. 2. 3.	adjustable   intense

Exercise 13. Supply the missing words that all derive from the same root.

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