Exercise 4. Choose the correct form of the verb and translate the sentences.

1. Football play/is played all over the world.

2. Millions of cars export/are exported from Japan every year.

3. This issue discussed/ was discussed at the last meeting.

4. President John Kennedy assassinated/ was assassinated in Dallas in 1963.

5. Tony Blair arrived/was arrived in Moscow yesterday.

6. Several languages speak/are spoken in Switzerland.

7. The new equipment is installing/is being installed in the laboratory.

8. Shareholders pay/are paid dividends.

9. Every year our company employs/is employed several new sale representatives.

10. Mr. Brown reports/is reported to the Managing director of the company.

Exercise 5. Translate the sentences into Russian. Now rewrite them using the Passive Voice and translate into Russian:

Model:

They implement the strategy of the company.

The strategy of the company is implemented.

1. We will produce components at our factory.

2. Ordinary office workers easily operate the new system.

3. You will certainly achieve better results.

4. The firm installed the first fax machines in 1988.

5. We sent the consignment last week.

6. They don`t require any capital if your company is firmly established.

7. We set up the factory in 1985.

8. They send out invoices regularly.

9. They usually charge very high prices.

10. We will reduce costs if we use less paper.

Text C

A Matter of Choice (Companies of the Future)

In 1960s, economists believed that the USA was run by a handful of big companies who planned the economy in the name of stability. These were hierarchial and bureaucratic organizations making long runs of standardizes products. They regularly introduced `new and improved` varieties of products and provided their workers with lifetime employment. They enjoyed good relations with the giant trade unions.

That world is now dead. The US`s giant corporations have either disappeared or been transformed by global competition. Most have shifted their production systems from high-volume to high-value, from standardized to customized. Few people these days expect to spend their lives moving up the ladder of a single organization. Dramatic changes are taking place. But where exactly are they taking us? Where is the modern company heading?

There are three standard answers to this question. The first is that a handful of giant companies are engaged in a `silent takeover` of the world. The past couple of decades have seen a record number of mergers. The survivors, it is agreed, are far more powerful than nation states.

The second answer to the same question argues almost the opposite: it says that the big companies are a thing of the past. The Monorail Corporation, which sells computers, can be regarded as a company of the future. It owns no factories, warehouses or any other tangible assets. It operates from a single floor that it leases in an office building in Atlanta. Freelance workers are designing the computers while demand is still low.

The third school of thought says that companies are being replaced by “networks”. Groups of businessmen form such a network to market an idea. They then sell it to the highest bidder and move on to produce another idea and to create another firm, with the money being supplied all the time by venture capitalists.

Another way to look at the future of the company is to focus on the environment that will determine it. That environment is dominated by one thing: choice. Technology and globalization open up ever more opportunities for individuals and firms to collect information and conduct economic activity outside traditional structures. While the age of mass production lowered the costs of products at the expense of limiting choices, modern “flexible” production systems both lower costs and increase choice. Consumers have more choice over where they spend their money. Producers have more choice over which suppliers to use. Shareholders have more choice over where to put their money. Companies of the future will have to be flexible in order to quickly adapt to the changing environments if they are to survive.

Unit 2

Text A

Recruitment

When a company needs to recruit new people, it may decide to advertise the job in the appointments section of a newspaper. People who are interested can then apply for the job by sending a letter of application or covering letter and a curriculum vitae (CV) containing information about them: their education, background and experience. The letter of application in some countries is expected to be handwritten, not word-processed. A company may also ask candidates to complete a standard application form. Unfortunately, no two application forms are alike, and filling in each one may present unexpected difficulties. Some personnel departments believe that the CV and application letter give a better impression of a candidate than a form. The Personnel department selects the most suitable applications and prepares a short list of candidates who are invited to attend an interview. There are different kinds of interviews: traditional one-to-one interviews, panel interviews where one or more candidates are interviewed by a panel of interviewers and even `deep-end` interviews where applicants have to demonstrate how they can cope with actual business situations.

The atmosphere at an interview may vary from the informal to the formal and interviewers may take a friendly, neutral or even hostile approach. Different interviewers use different techniques and the only rules that that applicants should be aware of may be `Expect the unexpected!` and `Be yourself!`

Another way for a company to hire is by using the services of a recruitment agency who will provide them with a list of suitable candidates.

In different countries, and in different trades, the salary which goes with the job may be only part of the package: extra benefits like a company car or cheap housing loans, bonuses paid in a `thirteenth month`, company pension schemes, free canteen meals, long holidays or flexible working hours may all contribute to the attractiveness of a job.

Questions:

1. What may a company decide when it needs to employ new people?

2. How do people apply for a job?

3. Does a letter of application have a universally adapted form?

4. Who selects the most suitable applicants?

5. What kinds of interviews are there?

6. What is the purpose of the interview?

7. What two rules should the applicants be aware of?

8. What is the function of recruitment agencies?

9. What are the extra benefits that contribute to the attractiveness of the job?

Exercise 1. Find the English equivalents in the text of the following Russian words and word groups:

Набор сотрудников; подавать заявление (на должность); письмо-заявка; сопроводительное письмо; резюме; биографические данные; заявление (формуляр); отдел кадров; подходящий; явиться на интервью; комиссия; интервью «с погружением»; нанимать; агентство по найму; премия; пенсионная программа; гибкий рабочий график.

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