Chapter 3. Theoretical Perspectives on the Early Years of Social Development

Both public and specialized school programs for children have traditionally emphasized the importance of acquiring a set of academic skills. Although recent studies clearly demonstrate weaknesses in social competence and preparation for adult life, the prevealing (?) philosophy among education continuous to focus on direct instructions of academic content, academic tutoring and instructions in communication skills. This perspective dominated the educational field and directed the course of mainstream practices for almost 80 years.

With the implementation of transition planning and transition program and included activities to promote job readiness and work experience, activities of daily living, and social skill instructions. Students continue to remain at risk for social isolation and reduced skill-appropriate employment opportunities.

Students require a set of unique educational skills in addition to general core curriculum. These specialized skill areas, referred to as expended core curriculum, require direct instruction by a teacher of students. While these teachers acknowledge that teaching activities of daily living, social skills, career development,adaptive technology, orientation and mobility and other functional skills are essential (necessary).

Their ability to include these topics in the curriculum is limited be time constraints. Many teachers are less clear about their students’ developmental differences important acquirement of mentioned skills for their future lives.

Rearden and Sack’s (1985) hierarchy of nonacademic skills stresses the importance of acquiring a repertoire for socially acceptable behaviors and skills to attain greater independence and increased feelings of self-worth. Without a foundation in socially based skills higher order skills remain isolated, must be taught to students to be applied when necessary.

This chapter provides definition of social skills that can be applied to practice by parents, teachers and other professionals.

Understanding the theoretical nature of social development is the foundation for a better understanding of the unreal sequence of social development for the students.

­ Definition of Social Skills

For these involved in the lives of students, to teach social skills effectively, it is important to ……………(?) the typical social development progress (process) for young children. Recognizing the sequence and understanding social development theory is useful in designing strategies.

Before theoretical perspectives can be addressed, however, it is important …… clearly define social skills so that there is con…….. (?) in terminology and perspective.

Social skills a ……..(?) set of behaviors ………(?) of actions that all human beings use to interact or to communicate with one another. These skills are bound by social roles that are created by a community or culture.

Social skills can be as basic as establishing eye contact with others or as complex as interpreting when to join a group. Sequences of social skills teach us to imitate greeting, for example and help us to make sense of facial impressions or other non verbal …….(?). Although some people ……....(?) that social skills can be learned by manipulating a person’s social environment (for example, by providing modeling or feedback), others argue that the acquisition of social skills, the trait or motorational, the molecular or component model, and the Process or Systems model. These perspectives offer a framework for defining social skills in variety ways.

­ The Trait and Motorational Models. It assumes that skillful social behavior is determined and embedded in one’s personality ………….(?). ……….(?) of human development, including social development was determined by biological and ……lationary environment (creation).

1) The Trait and motorational model:

· Fetal Development

· Developmental biology

· Emotional Development

2) The Molecular and Component Model:

· Computational chemistry

· Computational Biology

· Materials Science

3) The Process and System Model

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