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Hydroxy-, oxo acids, alpha amino acids, structure, properties. Stereoisomerism. Tautomerism.
Aminospirits: amino ethanol (colamine), choline, acetylcholine. Aminophenols: dofamine, nor adrenaline.The notion about biological role these compounds and its derivatives.
Hydroxy- and amino acids. Lactame. Lactone.
Elimination reaction of γ-hydroxy acids and α- amino acids.
Aldo and keto acids: glyoxalic, pyrotartaric, acetoacetic, succinoacetic, α –ketoglutaric acids. Keto-enol tautomerism.
Reactionary ability of hydroxy-, oxo, phenoloacids. Stereoisomerism. Tautomerism.
Monocarbonic (lactic, β,γ-hydroxybutaric acid), dicarbonic (apple, tartaric), tricarbonic (citric) hydroxyl acids. Formation of citric acid in result of aldol addition.
Heterofunctional derivatives of benzene as medicine. Salicylic acid and its derivatives (acetylsalicylic acid, phenylsalicylate). Para-aminobenzoic acid and its derivatives (anestezine, novocaine). Biological role of para-aminobenzoic acid. Sulphanilic acid and its amide (streptocide). Sulphanilamide preparations.
α -Amino acid. Proteins. Peptides.
The structure of alpha amino acids, classification, nomenclature. Stereoisomerism of heterofunctional carboxylic acid.
Amino acids entering in composition of protein. The structure, nomenclature, stereoisomerism, classification. Acid-base properties, bipolar structure.
The sings of classification of amino acids: by chemical nature of radical and containing it substitutes (aliphatic, aromatic, heterocyclic containing hydroxyl, carboxyl or amide, amino groups, sulphur-containing); by polarity of radicals; by acid-base properties. Stereoisomerism of hydroxy acids and alpha amino acids.
Asymmetric atom of carbon as centre of chiral.
Stereoisomerism of molecule with one chiral centre (enantiomerism). Optical activity. Glycerine aldehyde as configuration standard. Projection formula of Fisher. D and L-systems of stereo-chemical nomenclature. The notion about R,S-nomenclature. Relative and absolute configuration.
Stereoisomerism of molecule with two chiral centres: enantiomerism, diastereomerism. Mesoforms. Pacemate.
Relationship of spatial structure with biological activity. Biosynthetic ways of formation alpha amino acids from keto acids: reduction amination reaction and transamination reaction.
The chemical properties alpha amino acids as heterofunctional compounds. Formation inner molecular complex salts. Etherification, acylation, alkylation reaction, formation of imines.
Interaction with nitric acid and formaldehydes, significance of these reaction for analysis of amino acids.
Biological important reactions of amino acids. Desamination reactions. Hydroxysilation reactions.
Decarboxylation of alpha amino acid is the way of formation biogenic amines and bioregulators (colamine, histamine, tryptamine, serotonin, cadaverine, β-alanine, γ-hydroxybutaric acids).
Peptide. Electronic and spatial structure of peptide groups. Acid and base hydrolysis of peptide.
The primary structure of proteins. Partial and full hydrolysis of proteins.
The notion about complex proteins.
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