Beginning the main body

· Now let's move to the 1st part of my talk which is about...

· So, first...

· To begin with... / to start with (later...to finish up)

Ending the parts of the main body

· That's all on...

· That's all I wanted to say for now

Beginning a new part

· Let's move to (the next part which is...)...

· So now we come to...

· Now I want to describe...

· I'd like now to...

Sequencing

· There are different stages to the process

· First /then/ after that/ then, last...

· At the beginning, later, then, finally...

· I’ll describe the development of the idea:

· First the background, then the present situation, and then the prospect for the future.

· Let's look at this in more detail.

Endings

· I'd like to sum up now..

· I'd like to end by emphasizing the main points.// Let me remind you some of the points I've made.

· I'd like to finish with:

• a summary of the main points

• some observations based on what I've said

• some conclusions/ recommendations

• a brief conclusion

· There are (2) main conclusions:

• What we need is...

• I think we have to...

Questions

· Now we have (5) minutes for questions and discussion

• any questions or comments

LANGUAGE

• Simplicity Use short words and sentences that you are comfortable with. There is no benefit in using difficult language.

• Clarity Active verbs and concrete words are much clearer and easier to understand than passive verbs and abstract concepts. Avoid jargon unless you are sure all your audience will understand it.

• Signalling Indicate when you've completed one point or section in your presentation and are moving on to the next. Give your audience clear signals as to the direction your presentation is taking.

DELIVERY

• Nerves! You will probablybe nervous at the beginning of your presentation. Don't worry - most people are nervous in this situation. Try not to speak too fast during the first couple of minutes - this is the time you establish your rapport with the audience and first impressions are very important. You may find it helpful to memorise your introduction.

• Audience rapport Try to be enthusiastic - your interest in the subject matter will carry your audience along. Look around your audience as you speak - eye contact is essential for maintaining a good rapport. You will also be able to pick up signals of boredom or disinterest, in which case you can cut your presentation short.

• Body language Stand rather than sit whenyou are delivering your presentation and try to be aware of any repetitive hand gestures or awkward mannerisms that might irritate your audience.

• Voice quality You must be clearly audible at all times - don't let your voice drop at the end of sentences. If you vary your intonation, your voice will be more interesting to listen to and you will be able to make your points more effectively.

• Visual aids Use your visual aids confidently, making sure you allow your audience timeto absorb information from flipcharts and transparencies.

• Audience reaction Be ready to deal with any hostile questions. Polite, diplomatic answers are a good disarming tactic, but if you should find yourself 'under fire', suggest that the audience keeps any further questions until the end of the presentation and continue with your next point.

EVALUATION

Listen to each other's presentations, make notes as you listen, and use the following chart to provide constructive feedback on each presentation.

ASPECTS	POINTS TO CONSIDER	Grade (1-5)*
Planning	evidence of careful preparation
Objectives	clarity; appropriacy to audience/subject
Content	extent; relevance; appropriacy; subject knowledge; research
Approach	message support and reinforcement; variety; humour
Organisation	coherence; clarity; appropriacy
Visual aids	appropriacy; clarity; handling
Delivery	pace; enthusiasm; rapport/eye contact;
Language	audibility; intonation; confidence; body language
Overall	clarity; accuracy; fluency; appropriacy; pronunciation; signalling
Other	clarity of message; achievement of objectives; interesting? enjoyable? informative? motivating?

Grade scale: 1 = unacceptable 2 = poor 3 = average 4 = good 5 = excellent (i.e. could not do better in the time available)

Дата добавления: 2015-11-14