Subjunctive II in Adverbial Clauses of Condition

	Subjunctive II	Conditional Mood
If	smb. did smth.	smb. would do smth.
smb. had done smth.	smb. would have done smth.

Four Types of Conditional Sentences in English

Complex sentences with adverbial clauses of condition are usually called "conditional sentences". There are 4 types of conditional sentences.

· Type 1. These are sentences of real condition in which the indicative mood is used both in the principal and in the subordinate clauses.

If he comes, we’ll go to the cinema. (Если он придет, мы пойдем в кино.)

· Type 2. Sentences of unreal condition referring to the present (or to the future). In such sentences the non-perfect form (the Conditional Present) is used in the principal clause and the past form of the verb (Subjunctive II Present) is used in the adverbial subordinate clause of condition.

If he came now, we would go to the cinema. (Если бы он сейчас пришел, мы бы пошли в кино.)

· Type 3. Sentences of unreal condition referring to the past. In such sentences the perfect form of the Conditional Mood (Conditional Past) is used in the principal clause and the perfect form of Subjunctive II (Subjunctive II Past) is used in the adverbial clause of condition.

If he had come, we would have gone … (Если бы он уже пришел, мы бы пошли в кино.)

· Type 4. Mixed conditional sentences. They are combinations of sentences of types 2 and 3, i.e. one of the clauses refers to the present (or future), while the other refers to the past. We speak here of the so-called "Split Condition".

If they had finished the work yesterday, they would be free now. (Если бы они закончили работу вчера, они были бы сейчас свободны.)

If I liked mathematics, I would have entered the mathematical faculty several years ago. (Если бы мне нравилась математика, я бы еще несколько лет назад поступил на математический факультет.)

The Conditional Mood: Free Use

But for …	smb. would do smth.
smb. would have done smth.

But for the wind the weather would be nice. (Если бы не ветер, погода была бы хорошей.)

But for your help the old woman would not have risked crossing the street. (Если бы не ваша помощь, старушка не рискнула бы перейти улицу.)

To do smth.	would do smth.
To have done smth.	would have done smth.

To stop now would mean to lose everything. (Остановиться сейчас означало бы все потерять.)

To have given him a hand would have been so nice of you. (Было бы так мило с вашей стороны помочь ему тогда.)

otherwise (or)	smb. would do smth.
smb. would have done smth.

I am taking my younger sister to the concert. Otherwise I would gladly stay and help you. (Я веду младшую сестренку на концерт. Иначе я бы с удовольствием остался и помог вам.)

I just learnt the text by heart. Otherwise I would have mised everything up. (Я просто выучил текст наизусть. Иначе я бы все перепутал.)

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