Ex. 7. Problem solving

Jamahl and Nigel are college freshmen who run a computer bulletin board system. They decide to hack into the computer system of the local telephone company. They enter the system without being asked for a password. While looking through computer files, Jamahl finds a confidential memo written by the company president admitting that the telephone rates are too high. Jamahl copies the file and posts it on the bulletin board for users to read. To get even with the tele­phone company, Nigel inserts a worm to slow its computer system down and sends the company president the message "You are a crook." However, because of a mistake Nigel made in creating the worm, the system crashes, and telephone service is out for eight hours. Many office buildings and government services are disrupted. The police chief shuts down the bulletin board and the prosecutor charges both youths with trespassing, theft, and the intentional destruction of property.

a. Should Jamahl and Nigel be prosecuted? What purpose would be served?

b. Are Jamahl and Nigel guilty of the charges? Explain your answer.

c. If they are convicted, how should they be punished?

Ex. 8. Discussion:

Discuss the problem of illegal copying of software.

One member of the group is a buyer of a new computer and he knows that the illegal software is installed on the new computer. He tries to tell the seller that it is a crime.

Unit 12

Read and translate the text:

Alcohol

substance abuse – токсикомания;

prohibition (n.) – запрещение;

detrimental (adj.) – вредный;

child abuse - жестокое обращение с детьми;

suicide attempt – попытка самоубийства;

implied consent law – подразумеваемый закон согласия;

alcohol-related accidents – несчастные случаи связанные с алкоголем;

license suspended – временно отстраненная лицензия;

license revoked - отменяемая лицензия;

jail sentence - тюремный срок.

SUBSTANCE ABUSE

The term substance abuse has come into general use in recent years. The word substance is used to describe all the kinds of chemi­cals that people abuse, including alcohol, drugs, and tobacco. This type of abuse has always plagued our society. Today, substance abuse is said to contribute to many social problems, including the breakup of family structures, decreased productivity in industry, injuries in the workplace, and automobile crashes. Criminal activity is often the result of substance abuse or the desire for money to purchase drugs.

Alcohol

Alcohol is the most widely abused substance in the United States today. One reason for this is that it is socially acceptable in our soci­ety. Alcohol use has been legal for adults over 21 years of age since the birth of the country (with the exception of a 14-year period from 1919 to 1933 known as prohibition).

The abuse of alcohol is very detrimental to our society. Alcoholism is seen by many as contributing to the poor functioning of some fami­lies, and many people commit spouse and child abuse and other crimes while under the influence of alcohol. According to the Depart­ment of Health and Human Services, alcohol is involved in 10 per­cent of work-related injuries and 40 percent of suicide attempts. The annual cost of alcohol abuse to American society is estimated at more than $100 billion. Approximately two in every five Americans will, at some time in their lives, be involved in an alcohol-related au­tomobile crash.

The term drunk driving is used in a general sense to refer to the legal terms driving while intoxicated (DWI) and driving under the influence (DUI). Legally, the term has a meaning more precise than its meaning in everyday usage. The legal definition of DWI/DUI refers to a person's blood alcohol concentration (ВАС). The ВАС indi­cates the grams per deciliter (g/dl) of alcohol in the blood. A person's ВАС can be determined through breath, urine, or blood samples. Al­cohol is a mind-altering drug, and tests have shown that thinking and reaction time are affected in varying degrees by the level of alco­hol in the blood system. An individual is considered intoxicated when the ВАС is O.lOg/dl or greater. An individual is considered impaired when the ВАС is between O.Olg/dl and 0.09g/dl. These levels may vary somewhat from state to state.

Every state in the country has a DWI/DUI law. More than 1.7 mil­lion people were arrested for driving under the influence of alcohol in 1991. Use of drugs, legal or illegal, that impair driving ability is also a violation of DWI/DUI laws.

People can receive a variety of penalties for driving under the influence:

· License suspended (taken away for a period of time)

· License revoked (permanently taken away)

· Jail sentence (some laws require a minimum term)

· Fine

· Enrollment in a DWI school

· Community service

Any combination of these penalties may be imposed on the convict­ed drunk driver. A repeat offender is likely to receive stiffer penal­ties, and many states now automatically suspend drivers' licenses for DWI/DUI. In most states, repeat offenders end up in jail; and in some states, even a first offender must serve a brief jail sentence. A driver who has been stopped may choose not to take an alcohol test. However, most states have an implied consent law under which the driver agrees to submit to а ВАС test in exchange for the privilege of driving. In those states, refusal to take the test could re­sult in immediate and automatic suspension of the driver's license for a certain period of time, even if the driver is not found guilty of DWI.

As drivers or passengers, young people are at a greater risk of being injured or killed in alcohol-related accidents. This is because teens are affected by alcohol faster and to a greater extent than adults and because on the whole teens are less-experienced drivers. Approximately 40% of all highway deaths involve alcohol, and thou­sands of teens are injured each year in alcohol-related car crashes.

There are both national and local organizations that exist to help reduce the amount of drunk driving and provide assistance to indi­viduals who are victims of drunk-driving crashes. Such organiza­tions include Mothers Against Drunk Driving, Students Against Driving Drunk, Remove Intoxicated Drivers, National Commission Against Impaired Driving, and National Coalition to Prevent Im­paired Driving.

Ex. 1. Find the equivalents for the following words and expressions in the text:

в общем смысле, концентрация алкоголя в крови, нарушение, дорожное происшествие аварии с участием водителей в состоянии алкогольного опьянения, отстраненная лицензия, тюремный срок, социальное обеспечение, жестокое обращение с детьми, токсикомания среди тинэйджеров.

Ex. 2. Match the words on the left with the correct definition on the right:

Дата добавления: 2015-11-14