Net income before tax
to total assets (ROA) 2.25 0.23 - 24.06
Net income before tax
to equity (ROE) 18.41 1.88 -1192.63
Interest income to
total assets 10.64 12.39 11.04
Interest income on loans to
total loan portfolio 12.76 14.64 11.87
Interest expense to total liabilities 6.40 7.63 7.43
Provisioning expenses to total assets 2.11 11.09 50.27
In interest income, the largest proportion falls on interest income on loans to customers, while in interest expense prevailing are interest payments on due to customers. Net income before tax to total assets ratio (ROA) totaled 2.25%, net income before tax to equity ratio (ROE) was 18.41% (table 6).
Net income before tax payment to total assets ratio (ROA) totaled 0.23%, net income before tax payment to own capital ratio (ROE) was 1.88%.
Net income before tax payment to total assets ratio (ROA) totaled (-24.06)%, net income before tax payment to own capital ratio (ROE) was (-1192.63)%.
The results of the banking sector in 2009 are waning, despite the tremendous support of several big banks, huge losses and negative equity have not been overcome.
In the global economic crisis banking system of Kazakhstan was one of the most affected in country's economy. Standard & Poor's attributes this to its structural weaknesses, which are due to the strong dependence on external financing, as well as high-risk concentration (including the connection with significant risk of some major banks in foreign loans), weak risk management, a significant share of unhedged loans and deposits denominated in dollars, coupled with the ineffectiveness of measures taken by regulatory authorities, as well as the rapid growth of banks over the last decade. The seriousness of these problems, evidenced by recent defaults of four Kazakhstany credit institutions, including two of the top four systemically important banks - JSC BTA Bank and Alliance Bank. At stake are in default of BTA Bank, Alliance Bank, JSC Temirbank and Astana Finance "accounts for about one-third of total outstanding loans of the banking system, and their reporting rates of gross problematic assets (GPAs) and loan losses on settlements of Financial Institutions’ Association of Kazakhstan will be significantly higher than the average for the system.
In terms of Financial Institutions’ Association of Kazakhstan in the next few years the banking sector in Kazakhstan will be subjected to risks associated with the quality of assets and refinancing. Even if conditions improve, and economic growth resumes, banks can not quickly cope with the problems caused by their aggressive expansion in the lending market in the recent past.
CONCLUSION
During the work following conclusions have been made.
The concept of bank and bank system was defined.
Bank - concept is ancient and its display has been connected with occurrence of thought on exchange of money, about granting of money on credit, about centralization of another's money in the hands. The word literal translation "banko" means a word "bench" where operations with money were made.
The bank system is a wide concept covering all parties of creation and development of banks, their functions and operations on the basis of the bank legislation. The bank system differs as domestic (national), regional and world. On the basis of bank system there are conventional functional signs and principles without which functioning of the bank is impossible. The bank system in each country develops in interrelations with its economy, a direction of a society and acts as an important element in management of social and economic development of the country. The bank system, including the central bank, business banks of the second and third level, in all countries has the structure, specific features in separate operations, but is based on the conventional laws and requirements in banking.
Definition of current basic problems.
• decrease in possibilities of domestic banks to involve external financial resources, hence, there was a reduction of volumes of crediting of internal economy;
• decrease in rates of growth of actives and reduction of volumes of capitalization of banks;
• were problems with repayment of external obligations.
At present, the bank system is an important link of domestic economy. Owing considerable accumulation of money resources, banks can make considerable impact on a rate of national currency, and on inflow of money in treasury, by operations with the state securities.
In the conditions of market economy the market of loan capitals represents itself as the original pump which is pumping out temporarily free financial resources from one spheres of economic activities and on them in other, providing, in particular, higher profit. For this reason one of the major problems of state regulation of bank system — rational definition of economic priorities and stimulation of attraction of credit resources in those branches or the regions, the accelerated development of which is objectively necessary from a position of national interests, instead of exclusively current benefit of separate subjects of managing. Process of concentration of the capital is a necessary condition of stability development of economy and the priority purpose of any subject of managing.
With occurrence in the country of banking establishments of non-state type - the commercial banks, organized in the form of joint-stock companies, functioning on commercial principles, the beginning of other model of the organization of the credit business, which distinctive feature - the organization of credit business in frameworks and on the basis of involved with banks in the form of deposits of resources is necessary. Thereby basically possibility of unlimited granting of credits as it practiced the state specialized banks, including on a gratuitous basis, for a covering of financial breaks and mismanagement is excluded. The organization of credit business on commercial the beginnings has led to working out of other approaches to a technique and criteria of crediting, revision of traditional installations.
Studying and generalization of world experience in bank management studying of classical tools and development of tools of the bank management comprehensible in republic, are actual today, undoubtedly, professional level of bankers grows in republic, more and more experts seize new tools of the financial market, managers of banks more actively study ways of transition from traditional to system approaches of management of bank activity, new systems of indicators for monitoring of a financial condition of bank take root, classical tools of management of actives and passives accustom, experience of an establishment of limits for banks - partners with application of various restrictions is studied. Ways of a real estimation of profitableness imitation items of expenditure and the general ways of rationalization of incomes and expenses take root.
References
1 The development of the banking system, www.zhol.kz
2 The Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan on the National Bank of Kazakhstan
on March 30, 1995 № 2155
3 Raeva R. On the banking system of Kazakhstan, Kazakh banks magazine, № 6, 2001
4 Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan On Banks and Banking in the Republic of Kazakhstan dated August 31, 1995 № 2444
5 The Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan On Joint Stock Companies dated May 13, 2003 № 415-II
6 Current state of the RK banking system in tables and charts at 1 January 2010, www.afn.kz
7 Current state of the RK banking system in tables and charts at January 1, 2008, at 1 January 2009, at 1 January 2010, www.afn.kz
8 Monitoring Analysts, www.afk.kz
9 Financial and banking system in the RC during the crisis and its development prospects, www.inap.kz
10 Romazanov A. Banks: The Story of a crisis, www.kursiv.kz
11. Seytkasimov GS. Money, Credit, banks: Textbook / Ed. Prof... - Almaty: Economics, 1996. - 364.
12. www.nationalbank.kz
13. http://uchebnik.kz
14. Ilyasov KK. Financial and credit problems of economic development of Kazakhstan / Almaty.- Ed: Bilim, 1995 - 240 with.
15. Panova, G.S., Analysis of financial condition commercial bank, Moscow, Finance and Statistics, 1996.
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