Read the article below and answer the questions after it.

'When in Rome do as the Romans do'

There are thousands of cultures around the world, and an immense variety of non-verbal communications. Becoming sensitive to the subtle gestures of your surroundings can help you avoid insulting your companions.

Eye Contact. In the United States, direct eye contact is a sign of honesty and reliability. Shifting one’s gaze away, or to the floor indicates a lack of attention, or worse, deceit. However, in Latin America, intense eye contact between men can be considered challenging and aggressive. Extended eye contact between the sexes – in a purely business setting – is common in the United States, but can be interpreted as an overture for more intimate communications in many Latin and Mediterranean countries.

Smiles. Although smiles invite communication in many of the Western countries, in the Far East, a smile can be used to cover up embarrassment, dismay or fury. If you’re negotiating with Japanese, Chinese or Indonesian partners, an inscrutable smile is a form of polite behavior, which masks anything from sincere enjoyment to menace. A person who grins too much can be regarded as simple in France. And the Germans often reserve smiles for family, friends and social situations, but don’t smile freely in business settings.

Shaking Hands. In the United States, a firm grip has long been an indicator of strength of character. In Asia, a weak, extended grip is normal and doesn’t belie the negotiating strengths of the participants. The French don't strongly grip each other's hands, nor do they "shake" them up and down so much. Never keep your left hand in your pocket while shaking hands with your right one in Germany.

Bowing. Bowing is typical for Japanese culture and represents respect to other people. The lower the bow the more respect you show. It’s unlikely that any international visitor would be able to appropriately execute a formal bow (to the right depth, with the correct duration, etc.). However, your Asian hosts will appreciate a polite attempt to bow in greeting.

Kissing. Most business meetings around the world don’t involve a kiss. But after establishing a relationship with clients in the Middle East, Latin America, many parts of the Mediterranean and parts of Africa, there may be times when your clients/friends initiate a brief kiss on either cheek, accompanied by a handshake, hug or pat on the back. If you’re in Brazil, this custom may occur after only one or two meetings. In the Middle East, the same custom is likely to happen between males. Never back away from a kiss if you don’t want to undermine your new business relationship.

Proximity. In some Asian, African or Middle Eastern cultures male friends and acquaintances may walk down the street hand-in-hand or stand too close as they talk. The North American and European cultures are low contact and touch strangers only when it is necessary. If you’re in a Muslim or Orthodox Jewish environment, you must be highly sensitive to touching the opposite gender. Devout orthodox Muslims and Jews must not touch women, so follow your hosts’ lead.

44. What is typical for body language in Ukraine? In which situations? Give examples.

45. Look at the proverb – “When in Rome do as the Romans do”. Do you have the similar saying in your native language? Write a short explanation of it in the space provided.

Module 5

1. Answer the following questions:

Why do you think people travel? What do they look for? What motivates them to travel?

2. Look at the chart below. In your opinion what motivates people to travel? Fill in the missing information.

3. Do you know key factors influencing on tourism development?

4. Look at the pictures. Can you guess the purpose of traveling?

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Дата добавления: 2015-11-14