| Palliative (пом'якшувальний)
therapy
| is the treatment of cancer with drugs that (to destroy) cancer cells. It often (to use) to fight cancer that has spread to the other areas of the body and cannot be easily detected or treated by surgery or radiation therapy. It usually (to consist) of a combination of several anti-cancer drugs. The doctors (to decide) which groups of drugs to use depending on what type of cancer the person has. It (to give) usually many times for several months or years. It may be given alone or in combination with radiation therapy.
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| Radiation
| is a treatment that uses the body own natural defence system known as the immune system. Our body (to have) its own defence mechanisms against tumour cells including processes to repair mutations of DNA, and certain cells and substances of the immune system, which can (to destroy) cancer cells. When a person (to develop) cancer, it (to mean) that these "natural" defences are no longer effective against the cancer. It is designed to repair, stimulate, and improve the ability of the patient's immune system to fight cancer. It is used to:
· Stop, control, or suppress processes that promote cancer growth;
· Boost the killing power of the body's immune system cells, such as T-cells, NK-cells (natural killer cells), and macrophages;
· Change cancer cells' growth patterns to promote behaviour like that of healthy cells;
· Enhance the body's ability to repair or replace normal cells damaged or destroyed by other forms of cancer treatment, such as chemotherapy or radiation; and Prevent cancer cells from spreading to other parts of the body.
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| Chemotherapy
| is used to remove a tumour that is localised in a tissue or organ. The surgeon (to remove) the cancer cells or the tumour completely. Some healthy cells may also (to remove) to make sure that all the cancer is gone. It is often combined with chemotherapy and/or radiation to ensure all cancer cells are removed.
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| Surgery
| (medical care or treatment used to reduce disease symptoms but unable to cure the patient) utilizes the same treatments described above. It is done with the intent to extend and improve the quality of life of the terminally ill cancer patient. There are many other palliative treatments to reduce symptoms such as pain medications and antinausea medications.
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| Biological Therapy
| is one of the most common treatments for cancer. The radiologist (to aim) a beam of high-energy rays, such as X-rays and gamma rays, directly onto a tumour using a radiotherapy machine. These beams of radiation are many times more powerful than those produced in ordinary x-ray machines, in that they can (to damage) and destroy cancer cells causing the tumour to shrink and even remove it completely. In order (to focus) the beam accurately onto the tumour, many X-rays films and Computer Tomography (CT) scans (to take) to identify the exact position of the tumour. These treatments for cancer (to take) only a few minutes and often are given over a period of several weeks. Depending on the stage of the cancer, treatment with radiation may (to give) alone or with chemotherapy.
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