Mark the nuclear tone you think is appropriate in the following responses.

Verbal context	Response-utterance	Nuclear tone
1. It looks nice for a swim.	It's rather cold (doubtful)
2. I've lost my ticket.	You're silly then (stating the obvious)
3. You can't have an ice­cream.	Oh, please (pleading)
4. What times are the buses?	Seven o'clock, seven thirty, ...(listing)
5. She won the competition.	She did! (impressed)
6. How much work have you got to do?	I've got to do the shopping (and more things after that)
7. Will you go?	I might. (uncertain)

3. Some ways of saying NO in Southern British English: use the appropriate tone for each case.

Attitude	Tone
1. The most neutral tone; a simple statement of fact, detached	NO
2. Emotionally involved; the higher the tone the more involved is the speaker. The choice of emotion (e.g. surprise, excitement, irritation) depends largely on context and facial expression	NO
3. Context and facial expression are important factors there. With a 'pleasant face', the tone is sympathetic and friendly, asking the speaker to carry on; with an 'unpleasant' face, it is guarded or grim	NO
4. Mild query or puzzlement; a tone often used in echoing what has just been said	NO
5. Bored, sarcastic, routine	NO
6. A tone of emotional involvement, expressing great emphasis. Depending on the face and context, so the attitude might be impressed, challenging, or complacent	NO
7. Accompanied by a negative face, a tone of uncertainty, doubt, or tentativeness; if a 'positive' face, a tone of encouragement or urgency	NO

Define the sentence focus in every case.

1. Mary told John all the secrets. (Not just a few secrets)

2. Mary told John all the secrets. (She didn't tell Richard, or Harold or...)

3. Mary told John all the secrets. (She didn't hint, imply them...)

4. Mary told John all the secrets. (It wasn't Angela, or Beatrice or...)

5. Mary told John all the secrets. (She told him not the news, or the story...).

5. De-accenting: define anaphoric words in the following utterances and read the latter correctly.

1. Everybody likes Archibald. Everybody likes him.

2. I was sitting behind Lisa. I was sitting behind her.

3. She ordered the cake. She ordered it.

4. I'll lend you some money. I'll lend you some.

5. Are you wearing your red suit or the green one?

6. Who tracked all this mud and got the whole house dirty? I did.

7. Next Monday's a holiday. I think I'll stay home and rest then.

8. Are you going to finish soon? I expect so.

9. Has she come back? I hope she has.

10. There's a nice looking cake. Have a piece.

11. I've got a job but I don't like the job.

12. Did you enjoy Blue Highways? I haven't read the book.

Дата добавления: 2015-11-14