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| Соответствующая видовременная форма TO BE | Simple Present am/ is/ are Past was/ were Future will be Continuous Present am/ is/ are being Past was/ were Perfect Present have/ has Past had been Future will have | PAST PARTICIPLE Vm+ ed 3 форма правил. гл. неправ. гл |
1. Read the following sentences, and analyze the tenses of the passive verbs:
1. Many young people are interested in music, computers, television, shopping, fashion and money.
2. Walls, trains and railway stations in London are being covered with scrawls (каракули) by “graffers” these days.
3. Eight graffiti gang members have been convicted of causing damage (причинить ущерб) to London Underground.
4. The artistic talent of graffers is channeled in the wrong direction.
5. Some work by famous graffiti artists will be exhibited in art galleries soon.
6. Just a few weeks ago this night club was decorated by graffiti artists.
7. The work will have been completed by the end of the week.
8. The baby was being amused by a nurse while his mother was speaking to the doctor.
9. This photo had been taken before they got married.
| Способы перевода страдательного залога |
| 1) неопределённо-личным предложением с глаголом в форме 3-го лица множественного числа действительного залога: e.g.: The house was built. Дом построили. He will be asked. Его спросят. |
| 2) безличным предложением с кратким причастием: e.g.: The house was built. Дом был построен. He will be asked. Он будет спрошен. |
| 3) безличным предложением с возвратным глаголом: e.g.: The house was built. Домстроился. He will be asked. (данный способ перевода здесь не подходит) |
| NB! Глаголы, сочетающиеся в активном залоге с предложным дополнением, в пассивной конструкции сохраняют предлог после глагола в качестве указателя направленности действия. Перевод предложения в этом случае начинается с предлога. e.g.: Active: They sent for the doctor. Они послали за доктором. Passive: The doctor was sent for. За доктором послали. |
2. Practise translating the passive verbs:
1) Rolls Royce cars are made in England. 2) They type the letters in the other office. Your letter will be typed in a minute. 3) All our copies were sold yesterday, but some more will be ordered tomorrow.
4) They were all presented with signed certificates. 5) I was shown the letter of appointment (уведомление о назначении встречи).
6) This old car is in excellent condition. It has been looked after carefully.7) That little boy is always dirty. He is not looked after properly. 8) She is going into hospital tomorrow. She ’ll be taken good care of there 9) It was a lonely road, and the girl was afraid; she thought she was being followed by someone. 10) The audience was all attention while he was speaking. His report was listened to in complete silence. 11) He’s a sensible man. His advice is listened to carefully.
12) Shakespeare was born more than 400 years ago. He is still looked upon as the greatest of English poets. 13) He is always relied on. 14) The coat has been dry-cleaned. 15) The private life of pop-stars is much spoken about. 16) The judge has been spoken to about his decision.
3. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct Passive tense:
| e.g.: I’m going to a party tonight. I have been invited (invite) by my friend. |
1. Tom didn’t go to the meeting yesterday. It _____ (cancel).
2. The police arrived soon after the boys _____ (rescue) from the river. They _____ (take) to hospital by ambulance.
3. The new bridge _____ (build) already.
4. Breakfast _____ (serve) every day from 7a.m. to 10 a.m..
5. This secret must not (reveal) to anyone.
6. The jewellery _____ (steal) from the safe yesterday.
7. A: When will I have my car?
B: It _____ (deliver) to your house the day after tomorrow.
8. A: Who looks after your baby when you’re at work?
B: Well, he _____ (look after) by my mother.
9. A: What will happen to the criminals?
B: They _____ (punish) for the crime.
10. A: So, when did they tell you about the robbery?
B: I _____ (inform) by the police as soon as they found out.
| Случаи употребления страдательного залога | ||
| 1.Возможен только с переходными глаголами (т.е. глаголами, которые сочетаются с дополнением). e.g.: Active: They asked the policeman for directions. Passive: The policeman was asked for directions. Исключения: to resemble, to suit, to fit, to have, to possess, to lack e.g.: Active: The boy resembles his father. Passive:невозможен | 2.Действие важнее, чем человек его выполняющий: ·0 лицо, производящее действие, вводят предлогом by; ·1орудие действия, материал, ингредиент – предлогом with; e.g.: A letter was written by John. It was written with a pen. ·2существительное или местоимение с предлогом byилиwithпереводится в творительном падеже. | 3.Производитель действия не упоминается, если он: ·3 неизвестен; e.g.: Jim’s car was stolen last night. ·4 неважен; e.g.: Champagne is made in France. ·5 ясен из ситуации или контекста e.g.: The bank robbers are being chased. ·6 умалчивается из вежливости e.g.: My blouse is ruined. (more polite than “You’ve ruined my blouse”) |
| Примечание: ·12 В некоторых предложениях глаголы sell, wash, wear, bake, read в пассивном значении употребляются в форме действительного залога. e.g. The pie is still baking. Пирог всё ещё печётся. This cloth washes and wears well. Эта ткань хорошо стирается и носится. ·13 Иногда в разговорной речи в страдательном залоге используют глагол to get вместо глагола to be, сообщая о чём-то случайном, неожиданном, незапланированном: e.g. The child got run over by a car while he was crossing the street. Ребёнка сбила машина, когда он переходил дорогу. |
4. Analyze the use of the Passive in the following sentences, then translate them:
1) Detective stories sell well. 2) The suspects are being questioned.
3) The dog got run over by a car. 4) Latin is taught at this school. 5) Ann got offered a good job quite by chance. 6) John has been promoted to senior manager. 7) My new white dress was totally ruined! 8) There was a fight at the party but nobody got hurt. 9) How did that window get broken? 10) Two teenagers were seriously injured in a car accident last night. 11) If you want to break the law, make sure that you don’t get caught. 12) These tennis courts don’t get used often. Not many people want to play. 13) The cows are milked twice a day. 14) A new cinema is being built over there. 15) Criminals are always punished for their crimes. 16) The telephone was invented by Alexander Graham Bell.
17) The report reads well, but it doesn’t cover the most important points.
5. Fill in “by” or “with” and translate the sentences:
1. A kite was made ____ John. It w as made ____ paper, paint and string.
2. The lock has been broken ____ a hammer.
3. This book was written ____ my favourite author.
4. Tom is late for the lesson. He will be reprimanded at ____ his teacher.
5. He was hit on the head ____ an umbrella.
6. Some photos were shown to Jack ____ Jessica.
7. The “Mona Lisa” was painted ____ Leonardo da Vinci.
8. The cat is being chased around the house ____ the dog.
9. The soldier was killed ____ a bomb.
10. First the applicant was examined ____ a personnel department and then interviewed.
11.He was pleased ____ his interview.
12.I am quite often dissatisfied ____ what I have done.
13.I am easily bored ____ repetition and routine work.
14.The Police Initial Recruitment Test is taken ____ all candidates.
15.James is bored ____ school and studying
Key:
1 by, with; 2 with; 3 with; 4 by; 5 with; 6 by; 7 by; 8 by; 9 with; 10 by; 11 with; 12 with; 13 with; 14 by; 15 with.
6. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct active or passive tense:
A. A burglary (to carry out) in the High street yesterday morning. Two men (to enter) a jeweller’s shop and (to order) the assistant to hand over jewellery and money. The thieves (to escape) with jewellery worth $2,000, but (to arrest) later at the airport, as they (to try) to leave the country.
B. 1) I (not to wear) my black shoes today. They (to mend). 2) The car (not to lock) and (to put) into the garage last night. 3) This room (to use) only on special occasions. 4) He (to take – took – taken) to hospital yesterday, and (to operate) on tomorrow morning. 5) The little girl is the only child in their family and she (to spoil) by her parents and especially grandparents. They (to dote= души не чаять) on her. 6) The paintings (to exhibit) till the end of the month. 7) This scarf (to leave – left – left) in a classroom yesterday, it (to find – found – found) by the cleaner and she (to pass) it on to the guard. 8) The children are very excited this morning. They (to take) to the circus this afternoon. 9) Dogs must (to keep – kept – kept) on leads in the gardens. 10) In Greece the Olympic Games (to hold – held – held) once in four years. 11) Sorry, but I (not to inform) of the change of plan. The secretary (not to tell – told – told) me the exact time of my appointment. 12) The thieves (to steal – stole – stolen) the jewellery from the safe yesterday. 13) We (to delay = задерживать) because there was a lot of traffic this morning. We (to stick – stuck – stuck = держать) in a traffic jam on the highway for an hour.
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