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Suffixes -ic versus -ical

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Common suffixes for adjectives

 

Some adjectives are formed from nouns and others are formed from verbs. The word forms are from Latin, Greek and other languages. There is no simple rule for adding suffixes, but there are common patterns.

Common Adjective Suffixes Noun → Adjective  
Suffix Meaning Example
-AL having the form or character of accident – accidental universe –universal
-ARY relating to quality or place moment – momentary honor – honorary
-FUL full of beauty – beautiful skill – skillful
-IC   having the nature of; caused by   base – basic science – scientific
-ICAL   having the nature of   magic – magical practice – practical
-ISH origin, nature fool – foolish child – childish
-LESS   without   power – powerless use – useless
-LIKE like   life – lifelike child – childlike
-Y, -LY   characterised by, like rain – rainy fun – funny day – daily
-OUS   quality, nature danger – dangerous mystery – mysterious
Common Adjective Suffixes Verb → Adjective
-ABLE; -IBLE   able, can do   agree – agreeable pass – passable access – accessible flex – flexible
-ANT; - ENT   performing agent   please – pleasant resist – resistant depend – dependent differ – different
-IVE; -ING causing effect confuse – confusing amaze – amusing create – creative prevent – preventive
-ED; -EN receiving effect excite – excited surprise – surprised darken – darkened widen – widened  

Suffixes -ic versus -ical

-IC -ICAL
There is no particular way to know whether a word will use the -ic or the -ical ending. The suffix -ic comes from French -ique, or Greek -ikos and means having the nature of, or causing something.   academic, algebraic, arithmetic, artistic, athletic, catholic, domestic, dramatic, egoistic, emphatic, energetic, fantastic, geometric, strategic, linguistic, majestic, neurotic, pathetic, pedagogic, phonetic, public, semantic, syntactic, systematic, tragic The -ical form is often added to a word that already has a final -ic. Such adjectives often have a different or an additional meaning from the more basic -ic form.     alphabetical, alphanumerical, archaeological, biblical, biological, chemical, chronological, critical, cynical, ethical, grammatical, fanatical, illogical, logical, mathematical, mechanical, medical, musical, pedagogical, physical, radical, surgical tactical, topical
He buys classic cars. (traditional, old style)   His comic verse filled books. (artistic comedy)     His economic theory was proved unsound. (of the science of economics)   An electric motor powered the car. (a particular machine)   We had a fantastic trip. (extremely good, attractive, or enjoyable)   That was a historic moment. (recorded in past history)   The hysteric woman was out of control. (unable to control your behavior or emotions)   The little girl played with a magic wand. (of a mysterious source)   He wrote in a poetic speech. (imaginative, having the quality of poetry, like poetry)   It's not politic to ask such questions. (wise)   We listen to classical music. (from a cultural (sometimes Greek, Roman, European) source, or 18thC).   His comical verse entertained audiences. (funny)   He chose an economical car. (inexpensive to use)   Electrical equipment makes our work easier. (general, mass)   The dragon had fantastical powers. (strange, unreal, magical)   This is a historical moment. (worthy of being recorded in history)   The movie was hysterical. (very funny, causing uncontrollable laughter)   It was a magical experience. (mysterious, wonderful, exciting)   He wrote in a poetical manner. (having the form of poetry)   It was a political question. (concerning government and politics)

 

 


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