What to include

Iva Bronova

Current Address	Permanent Address
Department of International Relations Central European University Nador u.9, Budapest 1051, Hungary tel.:(+36) (1) 999 999 99 E-mail: [e-mail]	Dream Avenue 13, apt. 11 Mezhelsk 30000, CEEROPIA Nationality: Ceeropean

Education
1997 - present Central European University, Budapest, Hungary	Master's degree in International Relations and European Studies (IRES)
July 1994 - June 1995 University of Pennsylvania, USA	Exchange student at the Department of International Affairs. Completed with honors.
September 1993 - June 1997 Mezhelsk State University, Mezhelsk, Ceeropia	Honors Degree in History

Other Courses
July 1996 International Summer School, University of Somchester, UK	Successfully completed course in European Integration.

Scholarships and Awards
June 1997 Soros Foundation	Awarded Open Society Foundation scholarship to undertake MA in International Relations, Central European University.
1995 University of Pennsylvania, USA	Dean's list, Spring semester
Conferences Attended
November 1997 Council of Europe	"European Citizenship", Paris, France.

Professional Experience
June 1997 - August 1997 Academy of Management, Business and Law Department, Mezhelsk State University	Assistant Lecturer, part-time Taught practical History classes for first-year students.
August 1995 Mezhelsk State University	Conference Organizer. Scheduled administration and presentation of guest speakers. Responsible for booking rooms and transportation.

Publications

1995, U-Press, London, Confronting New Problems: The Impact of EU Enlargement Ceeropia: some aspects of EU accession.

Professional Affiliations -Member, International Club, University of Pennsylvania, USA. - Vice-president, International Exchange Association, Mezhelsk State University. Skills Languages: Vagabondian (native), English, German: fluent written and spoken. Computers: MS Word 7.0, MS Excel 5.0, Pascal, C, Internet: Netscape Communicator.

An Employment Résumé

BORIS GONCHAROV
#300 Sobieskiego str. 700
Warsaw 04-700, Poland
Tel: [phone] (48 33) 222 55 88
E-mail: [e-mail]

OBJECTIVE Human Resource position with generalist responsibilities
EDUCATION
McGill University Montreal, Canada Master of Business Administration, Specialization in Human Resource Management GPA 3.8	May 1997
Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece Bachelor of Arts, Social Sciences GPA 3.5	May 1993
EXPERIENCE
Philip Morris Corporation, New York, NY Summer Intern, Human Resources Department Managed new hire and promotion process. Drafted organizational announcements and updated job descriptions Reviewed employee profiles, drafted/edited development plans Conducted research and drafted proposal for senior management regarding changes in corporate policy	Summer 1996
Deloitte &Touche, Budapest, Hungary Regional Manager Opened the office of the company Supervized recruitment Networked and coordinated with other similar offices in the region	1991-1993
Baker & McKenzie, Thessaloniki, Greece Legal Assistant Ensured proper communication and documentation between the legal and the human resources departments Coordinated work assignments and supervised legal support staff of 4 Developed computer spreadsheets to replace manual process Planned and organized departmental and company-wide special events for 50 to 60 people Drafted, reviewed and edited reports, manuals and correspondence	1989-1991
ADDITIONAL SKILLS Computers:Microsoft Word, WordPerfect, Lotus 1-2-3 Languages:Polish (native), English (fluent), working knowledge of Italian and Spanish Others:Professional interpreter of business English

What is the difference between a curriculum vitae (CV) and a resume?

Answer: The primary differences between a resume and a curriculum vitae (CV) are the length, what is included and what each is used for. A resume is a one or two page summary of your skills, experience and education. While a resume is brief and concise - no more than a page or two, a Curriculum Vitae is a longer (at least two page) and more detailed synopsis.

A curriculum vitae, also known as a CV, includes a summary of your educational and academic backgrounds as well as teaching and research experience, publications, presentations, awards, honors, affiliations and other details. In Europe, the Middle East, Africa, or Asia, employers expect to receive a curriculum vitae

In the United States, a curriculum vitae is used primarily when applying for academic, education, scientific or research positions. It is also applicable when applying for fellowships or grants.

zSB(3,3) Purpose

A curriculum vitae or résumé* presents the achievements of your professional and academic life in such a way that anyone who reads it will quickly and easily be able to find the information they want. Think of your CV as an advertising brochure that sells a product, and the product is you. We presume that you are a good product that employers would want to buy you if they realised how good you are; unfortunately, employers, like the rest of us, often buy the best marketed product, not the best product. Your CV is the one chance you have to persuade that employer or PhD program that you are the right person for them.

*In the US, a curriculum vitae is usually a document for academic purposes. A similar document which focuses on getting a job is called a résumé. In Britain, the term résumé is not usually used, and if it is, it is a synonym for CV. Ultimately, what matters is less what you call your document and more whether it has the appropriate content and presentation. On this page, much of the time, except where indicated, the terms are used as synonyms.

Audience

You may be writing a CV either to get a study place, or a job. Whichever it is, certain things will be the same, but there will be important differences. For this reason, it is better to avoid the 'one-size-fits-all' approach to CV writing. Either keep two versions available, for example one for study and one for jobs, or better still, revise and reorganize your CV for each job or study place you apply for.

When you send in your CV, be it for a job or a study place, it will be just one of hundreds. The person reading these CVs will not give more than one or two minutes to each one, and will expect you to present the information in a way that is easy for them to access - they will want to see the stuff that matters most to them first, not have to wade through information that is important to you but not to them. Throughout the process of writing your CV/résumé keep this person in mind and try to imagine what you would want to see if you were in their position.

The Study CV

When applying for a study place, it will be important to emphasize your academic abilities. Your education will take pride of place, and summer schools, conferences (especially if you have presented), publications and awards or scholarships should be listed. Employment should also appear, especially any work which is connected in any way with your field of research interest, though small, irrelevant jobs like working evenings in a restaurant are of no interest and should be left out.

The Work CV (Résumé)

When you apply for a job, your prospective employer is going to be most interested in your previous work experience and what you have learnt from it, so it will probably want to come first, before your education. Education will also be important, but details will not. What courses you took or what you wrote your thesis about are unlikely to interest an employer unless they are directly related to the work. Education should be a short section and the main space will be devoted to your employment. Scholarships, conferences and so on can usually be left out, and unless they are directly relevant to the job, as can publications. In a résumé it is particularly important to emphasise the skills that you gained from a particular job. This is done in a list of bullet points usually set in under the job title & employer (see below).

Content

Decisions about what to put in and in how much detail are to an extent determined by audience and purpose, but there are two further principles that can guide you in writing a good CV: selective truth and less is more.

Truth

The first thing to be said is that you should never lie on a CV. Having said that, an employer, unlike a court of law, does not require you to tell the whole truth and nothing but the truth. We all have failures in our lives, whether they are failed exams or jobs where we didn't get on. There is no need to mention your failures in your CV. If at school you took three exams and failed one, don't say you failed one, just mention the two you passed. If you started a job, really hated it, argued with your boss and left after 2 months, don't put it on the CV. If someone asks, of course, you will have to tell the truth, but you are under no obligation to present yourself in a bad light from the outset. There is of course a limit to how much you can sweep under the carpet. If you failed a whole 3 year degree, you may have a hard time leaving it out altogether, but you can perhaps mention it as 'other studies'. It doesn't look particularly good, but you should have thought of that when you were out drinking instead of revising for your final exams.

Less is more

The length of a CV is partly determined by cultural factors - a good Australian CV will be at least 5 pages, a British CV maximum 2- and partly by how long your life has been, but as a rule, it is worth remembering that in whatever situation you send a CV, yours will be just one amongst many. Employers and selectors may have to read a large number of CVs, and if a document does not give them the information they need within 1-2 minutes, they are likely to reject it without looking any further. If you can keep to one page without selling yourself short, do.

What to include

a) Personal Details

Your name should be instantly visible, which means it should be bigger and clearer than the rest of the personal details text. Either you can put it on the same line as the words 'Curriculum Vitae', or on a separate line beneath but in the same size type. It is also fine to put only your name at the top and omit the words 'curriculum vitae'.

Other usual details are your nationality (and citizenship if it is different, and important for the employer to know for technical reasons). Whether to include date of birth or marital status is a cultural issue. The Americans don't put them in, the British usually do. If you have a recognizable European given name like Mariana or Stefan, you don't need to indicate your sex, but if you have a name like Priit or Marzhan which is unlikely to enable people outside your own country to guess, it is helpful to say. No information about your parents should be included.

b) Contact Address

Traditionally comes near the top, though there is actually no reason why it should, other than it's where people expect it. Only include a current address and a permanent address if there is a chance the person you are writing to will need to contact you again after you have left CEU. Addresses are necessary but they are boring and take up valuable space.

c) Objective

Your objective is something that only appears on US job résumés. An objective, like a cover letter, should always be exactly tailored to the employer that the résumé is going to. In order to formulate your objective clearly, ask yourself why you are applying to this particular company. If your answer is because you want to get an entry level position (first job) and the company is in the business of international marketing, then your objective is: An entry level position in an international marketing company. Easy, huh? It may seem obvious to you that if you are applying to a marketing company, you want to work for a marketing company, but it never hurts to make the obvious explicit.

c) Education

The first question is the order in which to put your different studies - chronological or reverse (most recent first). The argument in favor of chronological order is that people can see how your career develops. Proponents of reverse order argue that your most recent achievements will be your most impressive and most relevant and therefore need to catch the reader's eye first. This argument is particularly strong the older and more experienced you are, and when you are applying for jobs where your recent experience is relevant. If you only have 2 or 3 items it probably doesn't matter much, but be consistent: do both Education and Employment in the same order.

The second question is the order in which to put the infomation within each entry. Here opinions differ as to whether dates, degree title or instituion should come first, but whichever order you choose, make sure you are consistent, and that you use the same order for your employment section.

Dates

Whichever order you use, do give dates. In the case of a degree, this usually means the date of graduation. If you give a graduation date for your studies at CEU, it will obviously be in the future. It is therefore not really necessary to embellish it with explanations that this will be your expected graduation date if all goes well and you manage to pass your exams. You can give dates to the nearest month, but for a degree, just the year is probably enough. People know that most universities run from October to June.

Title

Limit your degree name to the title (e.g. MA) and the subject. You may well have done your thesis on changes in family structures in late eighteenth century rural Lithuania, but "History" is enough. You will only need to provide details of courses or your thesis title if you are writing an academic CV. Even here, if your past studies are not relevant to your future plans (e.g. you want to switch from Economics to Medieval History) there is probably little point in mentioning too many details. Only an overall final grade is needed. A detailed breakdown of grades is unnecessary.

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