Focus on language

1. Read the sentence from the text. Note how the structure of the sentence changes when it is reported.

§ “Students leave with meaningful and transferable work experience”, says Christi Lehner, director of college relations.

§ Christi Lehner, director of college relations said/agreed that students left with meaningful and transferable work experience.

Reported Speech Reported speech is used to express what others have said. It is also used when you are writing a paper at college level. In this case, it involves paraphrasing and summarizing what different authors have said. e.g.: Professor Jenkins said: “You have to submi t your course work on Friday.” Professor Jenkins said (that) we had to submit our course work on Friday.  

Verbs of speaking + that	Verbs of speaking + pronoun + that
say agree explain reply complain suggest	tell

e.g.: “You are absolutely right!” – He told me (that) I was absolutely right.

“I saw Professor Jenkins yesterday.” – She said (that) she had seen Professor

Jenkins the day before yesterday.

“Students have broken a lot of glassware today!” – The lab assistant complained that

students had broken a lot of glassware that day.

Verbs of speaking + to + verb	Verbs of speaking + noun/pronoun
offer refuse agree	introduce greet accept refuse explain interrupt

e.g. “Look, I can’t go to the party tonight” – She refused to go to the party.

“ Hello everybody, nice to see you.” – He greeted everybody.

“Now let’s see how we can solve this equation.” – He explained (how to solve) the

equation.

2. Complete the table to illustrate the basic rules for backshift when transforming direct speech into reported speech.

Direct Speech	Reported Speech
now
	the day before
two days ago
	the week before
next year
	the next day / the following day
here
	that
these

3. Complete the table showing the change of tenses in reported speech.

Direct Speech	Reported Speech
Simple Present
Present Progressive
Simple Past
Present Perfect Simple
Past Perfect Simple
Past Progressive
Present Perfect Progressive
Past Perfect Progressive
Future (be going to)
Future (will)

4. Report what the former interns said about their experience.

Get real

Search the Internet to find information on the internship programmes in your field of science abroad. Choose the internship programme you would like to do best of all. Take notes about the programme under the following guidelines:

· Name of the job

· Opportunities for foreign students

· Duties involved

· Personal qualities required

· Skills and qualifications to gain

Present and discuss the information on the internship programmes you have found. See how many students would like to do it.

Reading

1. Work with a partner. Discuss these questions.

a) What kind of a job do you hope to get with your university degree?

b) What degree should you get to work in research areas?

c) Which would you prefer: to work in pure or applied science? Why?

d) Why do industries require the application of scientific knowledge?

2. As a class name as many science-related jobs as you can ending in -ist, - er / or, - ant / ent, - tian / cian. How many have you got?

3. Read the text and note down the names of the jobs that are new for you. In pairs compare your lists.

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