Practical tasks

1. State distinctive features that make these oppositions phonologically relevant.

cap — cab; supper — suffer; till — chill; thigh — shy; rub — rum; latter — ladder; park — part; murder — merger; save — shave; bad — ban; coal — goal; raider — razor; share — chair; log — long; thick — sick.

2. Sort out the oppositions under the following headings: (a) labial vs. forelingual, (b) labial vs. mediolingual, (c) labial vs. backlingual, (d) forelingual vs. mediolingual; (e) forelingual vs. backlingual.

pat — cat; leap — leak; wield — yield; seem — seen; tame — came; less — yes; rudder — rugger; drew — due; supper — succour; wail — Yale; coming — cunning; sinner — singer; bitter — bicker; clue — cue; bad — bag; sung — young; bat — back; dear — gear; rung — young.

3. State which of the pairs illustrate (a) occlusive vs. constrictive, (b) constrictive vs. occlusive-constrictive, (c) noise vs. sonorants

pine — fine; fair — chair; boat — moat; seek — seen; kick — king; work — jerk; bee — thee; deed — need; thine — wine; vain — lane; came — lame; fame — same; sick — sing.

4. Read these pairs of words. State what principles of vowel classification they illustrate.

cod — cord; kettle — cattle; firm — form; fool — full; add — aid; law — low; sit — seat; pull — pill; very — vary; pen — pain.

5. Read these words and state what movements of the tongue make the vowel phonemes different.

bed — bird — bud — bard bid — bird — bud

lack — lurk — luck — lark lid — led — lad

hat — hurt — hut — heart big — beg — bag

6. Characterize principle variants of the phonemes below and their subsidiary variants in the following words.

[t] — stop talking; try; written; little; twice; eighth; that day; tall.

[l] — clean, railway, filthy; look; mill; all right.

[u:] — music; too — tool — tooth; cool; soon — sooner; stupid — stupidity.

Test

Choose the odd variant.

1. There are the following principles of the classification of English consonants:

a) according to the character of their end;

b) according to the work of the vocal cords;

c) according to the active organ of speech and the place of obstruction;

d) according to the position of the soft palate.

2. There are the following degrees of reduction:

a) qualitative;

b) quantitative;

c) intermediate;

d) zero.

3. The general principles of vowel articulation are:

a) they are based on voice which is modified in the supra laryngeal cavities;

b) the muscular tension is concentrated in the place of obstruction;

c) the air stream passes through the supra-laryngeal cavities freely;

d) the breath force is rather weak for it is expended when the air stream passes through the larynx and causes the vocal cords to vibrate.

4. There are the following degrees of assimilation:

a) complete;

b) partial;

c) reciprocal;

d) intermediate;

Дата добавления: 2015-11-14