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Ellipsis: ‘Were they interesting books?’
‘Don’t know. Haven’t read them. Looked pretty hopeless (Christie).
“I love that girl.’
‘You what?’
‘I love her, you deaf?’ (McBain).
‘Will u and Johnnie come in and have drinks with us this evening, Maureen/’
‘Love to’. (Christie).
‘Stop it, Ernie,’ she said.
‘Sha’n’t,’ said Ernie and continued. (Christie).
‘Perhaps, perhaps not’. (Clifford).,
Aposiopesis (a sudden breaking off in the midst if a sentence as if from inability or unwillingness proceed): KEITH (letting go her arms): My God! If the police come – find me here – (He dashes to the door. Then stops). (Galsworthy).
One-member nominative sentences: ‘London. For everywhere. Implacable November weather’.
‘The horror! The flight! The exposure! The police!.... (Dreiser).
Absence of auxiliary elements: auxiliary verbs, articles, prepositions, conjunctions:
‘Where was he born?’
‘London’. (Kanin)
‘What time did u get in?’
‘Four’ (Amis).
Redundancy: repetition of sentence parts, syntactic tautology (prolepsis), polysyndeton:
very, very good; for ever and ever; a little, little girl.
‘Yeah, uh, you’ve been busy busy busy busy, haven’t you (Pendelton).
Prolepsis:
‘Miss Tillie Webster, she slept forty days and nights without waking up.’ (O. Henry)
Jack Sprat's pig,
He was not very little.
He was not very big...
Little Miss Muffet
She sat on a tuffet...
Ellen Adair she loved me well,
Against her father's and mother's will... (Tennyson)
The skipper he blew a whiff from his pipe And a scornful laugh laughed he. (Longfellow)
Tautology in appended (attached) statements:
"I washed my hands and face afore I come, I did... I know what the like of you are, I do." (Shaw)
"You've made a nice mess, you have... You'd get a scaffolding pole entangled, you would..." (Jerome)
Polysyndeton:
Advancing and prancing and glancing and dancing,
Recoiling, turmoiling, and toiling, and boiling,
And thumping, and plumping, and bumping, and jumping,
And dashing, and flashing, and splashing, and clashing;
And so never ending, and always descending...
And in this way the water comes down at Lodore. (R. Southey)
“And only one thing really troubled him sitting there — the melancholy craving in his heart — because the sun was like enchantment on his face and on the clouds and on the golden birch leaves, and the wind's rustle was so gentle, and the yew-tree green so dark, and the sickle of a moon pale in the sky.” (Galsworthy)
Word order
Inversion of sentence members:
Down came the storm, and smote again
The vessel in its strength... (Longfellow)
In she plunged boldly,
No matter how coldly
The rough river ran... (Hood)
Revaluation of syntactical meanings:
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