History of British sport.

Introduction

People often say that many sports originated in the UK. And the rules of the games invented by the British. In our work, we would like to talk about the national sports of the United Kingdom.

Here are the basic facts:

Many sports have come from England.

Golf - this is the main contribution of Scotland in British sport.

Football is a sport of the working class as boxing, snooker, «throwing arrows» «Greyhounds».

Aerobics and yoga, squash and cycling among the sports where participation is increasing in recent years.

There are few places in Britain associated with a particular sport.

Wimbledon - a suburb in the south of London, where all the English lawn tennis championships held in July (1877).

Wembley - Stadium in north London, where international football matches, Cup Football held since 1923.

Football - a game that is played in almost all countries.

Football game usually lasts half an hour.

Finals football competition takes place every May at the famous Wembley Stadium in London.

Today in the UK popular variety of sports that involve large numbers of participants and spectators. Some sports attract minority or only certain classes of society, while others like the vast majority of Britons. Number of people involved in sports has increased in recent years, as well as sports centers in both the private and public sectors. This coincided with increasing concern their own health and the need for physical activity in the majority of Britons. About a third of the UK adult population regularly engaged in outdoor sports, and a quarter - in gyms. Spending on sports, visiting sports and purchase of sports equipment occupy a significant part of the budget of British families.

Principle of British education has long been «In a healthy body - healthy mind». schools should take care of the physical training of students and provide them with a choice of several sports. School playing football, rugby or hockey in the winter and cricket, tennis, swimming and athletics in the summer. Some schools may be better provided sports equipment than others, and offers a range of sports and activities.

The most popular sports in the UK are: football, cricket, rugby, golf, athletics, badminton, squash, curling and others.

History of British sport.

In 1688-1689 years. in England there was a coup, known as the " Glorious Revolution." One result of the coup - the abolition of restrictions on games and entertainment. The basis for the revival of games and competitions have become rural entertainment. The most striking example of British rural entertainment are Olympics Attorney Robert Dover, conducted over more than 100 years, since 1604 in the content of these games were dancing, wrestling, bowling, bowling, football, hunting, jogging.

We should emphasize the economic aspect of competitions: English tradition to bet on the outcome of participants or events involved in the turnover of several hundred pounds. This led to an increase in excitement and entertainment events. The consequence has been the emergence of professionals and ordering events by establishing clear rules. Thus, in the 20 -30- ies. XVIII century. took shape a new social phenomenon called "sport" (from the French desport or deport and English disport, which meant rest from work, entertainment). Sport influenced the further development of other types of contests began racing. In the XVIII century. become identified three types of races: Hunting Matches, Wild Geese Chase, Matches Against Time.

Hunting Matches (hunting matches) carried out in two ways. The first method - two hunters on horseback galloped after the dogs, follow the trail of a hare. Unpredictability path running hare was causing considerable inconvenience and duration of the competition for the audience. The evolution of this process led to the exclusive use of the second method - began to hold races on the artificial track at a distance of 3-5 miles.

Wild Geese Chase (hunting wild geese) was that the riders started in strict sequence, one after another. By advancing the victory awarded to opponent 240 yards. Heats were held on the road connecting the settlements or on a circular track (one lap - 1-2.5 miles).

In 1731 an important event took place in the history of sports - horse racing was first applied stopwatch that gave impetus Matches Against Time (matches against time). Participants were required to cover the distance within a certain time or show the best time at a certain distance. In parallel with jumps competitions were held in the run (competition between two or more runners on fixed distance, a duel between two successive runners and horses). Gradually growing popularity of running, and this kind of competition has stood apart. For example, in 1727 in London, except for the race track was arranged jogging track. Original center at running become London 's Hyde Park. It arranged the competition: Swiftrunner with fat chef, a young runner with elderly; professional with Negro servant. And offered this kind of competition - to pass a certain distance in a set time and accurately to meet the specified number of steps.

Relatively Boxing holds the view that there is a relationship between the ring in venues horse competitions and the development of the sport of boxing. However, significant known is only the fact of the modernization of the rules of boxing fencing master James Figg.

In the XVIII century, fencing duels to resolve disputes were banned, but demonstrations continued fencing competitions are held indoors. This spectacle was called prize-fights (fight for the prize) - participants received money throwing the audience on stage during the fight, and part of the proceeds from ticket sales and is distributed between the winner and the loser, as 2 to 1.

There were a variety of audiences submitted fights: fought several pairs with different types of weapons arranged fights women and mixed doubles; demonstrated fight with sticks and batons. Often supplemented spectacle bouts and boxing matches. James Figg in its amphitheater (built in 1719) in 1725 began to show international boxing matches. He modernized the rules of boxing, enter the criteria of time, and started giving boxing lessons, as this sport has become a success at all layers of the population of England. James Figg became a follower of John Broughton. In the 40- ies. XVIII century. it, relying on the basics of anatomy and physiology, as well as experience of boxing and wrestling, developed and described various shocks and their effectiveness. In 1749 opened John Broughton Boxing Academy, but in 1750 he was defeated in a duel with untrained partner (butcher), which affected the confidence in him and put an end to his business activities in the field of boxing.

In the XVIII century, messages began to appear in the press (published in 1792 «Sporting Magasin») that at expensive restaurants and trendy cafes centers began to emerge, combining British interests, on the basis of which the example of hunting sports clubs were formed. One of the first clubs - " Toksofil " - united archery and was organized about 1720 at the end of the XVIII century. appeared yacht clubs, clubs and rowers cricketers. In 1774 a special committee to draw up rules of cricket, that stimulated the emergence of clubs in different areas of central England. Cricket became known as "the first of all sports."

Exceptional interest in British sport was reflected in the practice of physical education. Theoretical foundations of education reforms undertaken in English schools in the XIX century., Developed by Canon of Westminster Abbey Charles Kingsley. He believed that " sport competition prowess person showing his agility, youth have an area where you can practice in the building of society." The conductor of his ideas into practice school physical education became Thomas Arnold, who in 1828-1842 gg. led the College Rugby. Thomas Arnold included free time students in a program of studies and set the exact time for rest, strictly controlled by teachers. He became the first director to hire a professional as a school coach. It should be noted that before the Rugby Thomas Arnold worked at a private school in Windsor, where he gave lessons in swimming, javelin throwing, gymnastics, diving. Similar lessons he tried to enter in Rugby, but was forced to confine cricket and football. Nevertheless, it has allowed him to realize his original thesis of teaching practice " through physical movements and emotions associated with the game, students are capable of forming on the playground and in a positive way, if this is also consistent with the educational activities of the church, school and orphanage ".

School physical education in college sports spirit Rugby ordered regular competitions youth, sports teams, organized on the basis of self-government, became a role model for the whole of England and became widespread in schools. Physical education resting on sports and games activities, has been called " arnoldizm."

Дата добавления: 2015-11-14