Task 4. Find in the text the key phrases, characterizing each art movement. Give your own laconic definition of it.

Expressionism. Centered in Germany, from 1905 to 1940's.

Expressionism is a style in which the intention is not to reproduce a subject accurately, but instead to portray it in such a way as to express the inner state of the artist. The movement is especially associated with Germany, and was influenced by such emotionally-charged styles as Symbolism, Fauvism, and Cubism. There are several different and somewhat overlapping groups of Expressionist artists, including Der Blaue Reiter ("The Blue Rider"), Die Brücke ("The Bridge"), Die Neue Sachlichkeit ("The New Objectivity") and the Bauhaus School. Leading Expressionists included Wassily Kandinsky, Franz Marc, George Grosz and Amadeo Modigliani. In the mid-20th century, Abstract Expressionism (in which there is no subject at all, but instead pure abstract form) developed into an extremely influential style in the United States.

Art Deco. 1920's to 1930's.

Art Deco is an elegant style of decorative art, design and architecture. It is characterized by the use of angular, symmetrical geometric forms. One of the classic Art Deco themes is that of 1930s-era skyscrapers such as New York's Chrysler Building and Empire State Building. The former, designed by architect William Van Alen, is considered to be one of the world's great Art Deco style buildings. The Art Deco look is related to the Precisionist art movement, which developed at about the same time. Well-known artists within the Art Deco movement included Tamara de Lempicka, fashion illustrator Erte, glass artist Rene Lalique and graphic designer Adolphe Mouron (known professionally Cassandre).

Precisionism. America, 1920's to 1930's.

Precisionism (or Cubist Realism) is a style of representation in which an object is rendered in a realistic manner, but with an emphasis on its geometric form. An important part of American Modernism, it was inspired by the development of Cubism in Europe, and by the rapid growth of industrialization of North America in the wake of innovators such as Henry Ford. In its emphasis on stylized angular forms it is also visually somewhat similar to Art Deco. Charles Demuth and Charles Sheeler are the artists most closely associated with Precisionism. The urban works of Georgia O'Keeffe are also highly typical of this style. Dealing as it did with pure form more than with any type of narrative or subject matter, Precisionism gradually evolved towards Abstraction, and faded away as an important influence.

Contemporary Realism. America, Emerged in the Late 1960's/Early 1970's.

Contemporary Realism is the straightforward realistic approach to representation, which continues to be widely practiced in this post-abstract era. It is different from Photorealism, which is somewhat exaggerated and ironic and conceptual in its nature. Contemporary Realists form a disparate group, but what they share is that they are literate in the concepts of Modern Art but choose to work in a more traditional form. Many Contemporary Realists actually began as abstract painters. Among the best-known artists associated with this movement are William Bailey, Neil Welliver and Philip Pearlstein.

Pop Art. 1950's to 1960's

Pop Art is a style of art which explores the everyday imagery [ ] that is so much a part of contemporary consumer culture. Common sources of imagery include advertisements, consumer product packaging, celebrity photographs, and comic strips. Leading Pop artists include Andy Warhol, Robert Rauschenberg, and Roy Lichtenstein.

Vocabulary

to express the inner state – выразить внутреннее состояние

inner life – духовный мир

emotionally-charged – эмоционально заряженный

to overlap - частично совпадать, частично покрывать

decorative [ ] - декоративный

stylized angular forms - стилизованные формы в виде углов

the angle of view - угол изображения

to be related to - относиться, касаться

the wake of innovators - пробудить новаторов

urban - городской

rural - сельский, деревенский

narrative - рассказ, изложение фактов, сюжетно-тематическая картина

to evolve towards - развиваться, эволюционировать по направлению

imagery – собир. образы, образность

consumer culture - потребительская культура

comic strips - газетные комические рассказы в картинках

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